Urine

Question 1

Urinalysis is a poor mans ____.

Answer 1

Renal biopsy.

Question 2

What does it mean that the importance of a urinalysis is often undersold?

Answer 2

It will lead to mistakes especially regarding collection and handling which can lead to errors.

Question 3

What is the pH of glomerular filtrate vs urine?

Answer 3

GF-7.4. Urine- 6.0.

Question 4

What is the difference in specific gravity of glomerular filtrate vs urine

Answer 4

GF- 1.005. Urine- 1.020.

Question 5

How much glomerular filtrate is produced a day?

Answer 5

180 Liters.

Question 6

How much urine is produced a day?

Answer 6

1-2 liters

Question 7

What is anuria?

Answer 7

No urine output.

Question 8

What is oliguria?

Answer 8

Less than 500 ml of urine produced a day.

Question 9

What is nocturia?

Answer 9

more than 500 ml of urine produced a night this is not nocturnal frequency.

Question 10

What is nocturnal frequency?

Answer 10

Waking up often to pee and this will not be more than 500 ml of urine all together at night unless there is also a nocturia.

Question 11

What is polyuria?

Answer 11

More than 2 liters a urine produced a day.

Question 12

Who will create more urine volume an adult or child per kilogram of body weight?

Answer 12

Children by 3-4 times as much.

Question 13

How often should one urinate?

Answer 13

should be around 2 hours inbetween.

Question 14

What is urgency and dysuria?

Answer 14

Urgency- instantly needing to pee. Dysuria- painful urination

Question 15

Will urine odor be performed in labs?

Answer 15

no

Question 16

What is the normal description of urine odor?

Answer 16

Faintly aromatic.

Question 17

Name 5 things that can cause abnormal urine odors?

Answer 17

vitamins, drugs, foods (like asparagus), bacterial contamination, metabolic disorders (like diabetics).

Question 18

What is CCMS?

Answer 18

Clean catch midstream specimen.

Question 19

What is the first step in a CCMS?

Answer 19

Wash hands with soap and water.

Question 20

When is the best time to take a urine sample?

Answer 20

First thing in the morning due to most concentrated and bladder incubated.

Question 21

What type of urine sample is most often taken?

Answer 21

Random specimen.

Question 22

Name three things that a 24 hour urinary collection might be needed for?

Answer 22

protein, calcium, and hormone and their metabolites.

Question 23

How long between sample and test should there be for urine?

Answer 23

within 1 hour, or refrigerate or add a perservative.

Question 24

What is used to test urine and what are the results like?

Answer 24

Reagent strip and results are semi-quantitative at best.

Question 25

Name 10 things that can be determined by using a reagent strip testing urine?

Answer 25

pH, specific gravity, protein, glucose, ketones, urobilinogen, bilirubin, leukocyte esterase, nitrate, blood (hemoglobin).

Question 26

With capillary tubes what is the difference between blue and red tipped?

Answer 26

Blue- no preservative. Red- has heparin to keep blood from clotting.

Question 27

What is the normal color of urine

Answer 27

colorless to amber yellow.

Question 28

Dark yellow urine can be caused by what?

Answer 28

Concentrated urine or bilirubin which can come from dehydration or hepatobiliary.

Question 29

What can cause red urine?

Answer 29

Blood, hemoglobin, food dyes, beets.

Question 30

What can cause brown urine?

Answer 30

Acid hematin bilirubin.

Question 31

What can cause green urine?

Answer 31

Pseudomonas from a urinary tract infection.

Question 32

Anything that makes urine hazy will come from ______

Answer 32

formed elements.

Question 33

What things will be seen with urinary infections?

Answer 33

back pain, cloudy urine from hematuria, inability to urinate, frequent urinate or painful urination, malaise (general discomfort).

Question 34

What is the normal pH of urine?

Answer 34

4-8 pH.

Question 35

What 3 things can cause an acidic urine

Answer 35

Western diet, ketosis, systemic acidosis.

Question 36

What are 4 things that can cause an alkaline urine?

Answer 36

vegetarian/ vegan or diet high in citrus fruits, postparandial specimen (alkaline tide- kidneys getting rid of the extra bicarbonate from the pancrease after a meal.), stale unrefrigerated specimen, urinary tract infection.