urino-genital anatomy Flashcards
(22 cards)
components of the urinary system
kidneys
ureters
bladder
urethra
function of the kidneys
formation of urine
stabilise osmolarity/volume of ECF
regulate ion concentration in ECF
remove metabolic waste from blood
remove foreign substances from blood
regulate acid/base balance
gluconeogenesis
production of certain hormones eg renin, calcitrol
function of the ureters
convey urine from kidneys to bladder
function of the bladder
storage of urine prior to evacuation
function of the urethra
convey urine from bladder to outside world
gross anatomy of the kidneys
retro-peritoneal
lobated in some species - not dog
cortex on outside
medulla on inside
urine collects in renal pelvis
drains to bladder via ureters
blood supply to the kidneys
left/right renal artery and vein
gross anatomy of the female genital system
gonads = ovaries, ovarian bursa, uterine tube
uterus - horns, uterine body, cervix
vagina
vestibule
anatomy of ovaries
paired regular ovals
inactive - smooth
active = knobbly with corpora lutea and follicles
uterine tube connects ovary to cranial end of uterine horn
ovarian end is funnel shaped
peritoneal attachments of the ovary
mesovarium = attaches ovary to lateral body wall at caudal pole of kidney
mesosalpinx - attaches ovary to uterine tube
suspensory ligament - attaches ovary to lateral body wall at caudal pole of kindey
proper ligament of ovary - attaches ovary to cranial end of uterine horn
what is the ovarian bursa
pocket of peritoneum that encases ovary
what is the ovarian bursa bounded by
proper ligament of ovary medially
mesosalpinx laterally
mesovarium cranially
uterine horn caudally
anatomy of uterus
horns attach to ovaries cranially and body of uterus caudally in a Y shape
attached to lateral body wall by mesometrium
body of uterus continues into cervix
cervix continues into vagina
anatomy of the vagina and vestibule
vagina located within pelvic canal and is retro-peritoneal
hymen if present located at junction between vagina and vestibule
vestibule bounded by labia of vulva caudally
external urethral orifice opens on a midline ridge = urethral tubercle with fossa either side
glans clitoridis concealed in a deep fossa that lies underneath a pointed fold of mucous membrane
vestibular glands open in 2 lines ventrally
blood supply of female genital genital system
ovarian artery and vein
-anastomoses with uterine artery and vein
vaginal artery and vein - branches caudally to supply the vagina and vestibule
cranial branch becomes uterine artery and vein runs in mesometrium
topographical anatomy of female genital system
ovaries located dorsally in abdomen at caudal poles of kidneys
anatomy of mammary glands
5 pairs of mammae each with a papilla
2 thoracic
2 abdominal
1 inguinal
surrounded by scant adipose tissue in thorax but extensive adipose tissue in inguinal regions
blood supply to mammary glands
cranial via cranial superficial epigastric
caudal via caudal superficial epigastric
lymph drainage of mammary glands
cranial 3 pairs via axillary
caudal 2 pairs via inguinal
the perineum
area beneath tail around anus
muscles from the pelvic diaphragm through which urino-genital and digestive systems open to outside
levator ani
coccygeus
rectococcygeus
internal anal sphincter - smooth
external anal sphincter = striated
what can happen when pelvic diaphragm muscles weaken
perineal hernia - abdominal contents protrude
