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WFB 2410 > Urodelans of VT > Flashcards

Urodelans of VT Flashcards

(96 cards)

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1
Q

Who are the “True Salamanders?”

A

Eastern Newt

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2
Q

What is the scientific name of the Eastern Newt?

A

Notopthalmus viridescens

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3
Q

What is the family name of the “True Salamanders?”

A

Salamandridae

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4
Q

Family of Eastern Newt

A

Salamandridae

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5
Q

Conservation status of Eastern Newts

A

S5

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6
Q

What are the conservation concerns for Eastern Newts?

A

Highly susceptible to Bsal

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7
Q

Overwintering strategy of Eastern Newts

A

aquatic or terrestrial brumation

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8
Q

Where can you find Eastern Newts in VT?

A

Common through most of VT EXCEPT in the conifer-dominant NE Kingdom

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9
Q

What are red efts?

A

Eastern Newt juveniles

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10
Q

Life history of red efts

A

Live exclusively on land for years, adults change color and morphology and return to water to breed

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11
Q

Where do Eastern Newts breed?

A

Breeds in beaver ponds, ponds, lakes, marshes, ect.

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12
Q

What is a good ID marker for Eastern Newts?

A

Nuptial pads help ID males

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13
Q

Who are the “Mole Salamanders?”

A

Jefferson salamander
Blue-spotted salamander
Spotted salamander

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14
Q

Why are mole salamanders named so?

A

They spend most of their life underground, like a mole

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15
Q

What is the scientific name for the Jefferson salamander?

A

Ambystoma jeffersonianum

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16
Q

What is the family name of the “Mole Salamanders?”

A

Ambystomatidae

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17
Q

What is the family name for the Jefferson salamander?

A

Ambystomatidae

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18
Q

What is the conservation status of the Jefferson salamander?

A

S2 (rare)

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19
Q

What are the conservation concerns for Jefferson salamanders?

A

Acid rain

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20
Q

Where do Jefferson salamanders overwinter?

A

Underground

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21
Q

Where do Jefferson salamanders breed?

A

Vernal pools and other semi-permanent wetlands

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22
Q

What is the “Jeff Complex?”

A

The hybridization of Jefferson salamanders and blue-spotted salamanders

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23
Q

What is the scientific name for Blue-spotted salamanders?

A

Ambystoma laterale

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24
Q

What is the family name for Blue-spotted salamanders?

A

Ambystomatidae

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25
What is the conservation status for Blue-spotted salamanders?
S3
26
Where can you find Blue-spotted salamanders in VT?
Champlain lowlands
27
Where do Blue-spotted salamanders breed?
Lower elevation vernal pools, flood plains, semi-permanent pools, marshes, and swamps
28
Which VT salamander exhibits "unkenreflex?"
Blue-spotted salamander
29
What is "unkenreflex?"
a defensive posture where the subject contorts or arches its body to reveal previously hidden bright colors
30
What is the scientific name of Spotted salamanders?
Ambystoma maculatum
31
What is the family name of Spotted salamanders?
Ambystomatidae
32
What is the conservation status of Spotted salamanders?
S5
33
Where do Blue-spotted salamanders overwinter?
Underground
34
Where do Spotted salamanders overwinter?
Underground
35
What kind of tail do Jefferson salamanders have?
Laterally compressed (fish-like)
36
Which of VT's mole salamanders is the largest?
Spotted salamander
37
What do the egg masses of Spotted salamanders look like?
20-250 eggs, masses tend to be elongated and sometimes kidney-shaped, the entire mass is encapsulated within a thick outer jelly coating
38
How long can Spotted salamanders live?
up to 20 years
39
Where do Spotted salamanders breed?
Vernal pools, beaver ponds, and old farm ponds
40
What is the scientific name of the Eastern Redbacked Salamander?
Plethodon cinereus
41
What is the family name for the "Lungless Salamanders?"
Plethodontidae
42
What is the family name of Eastern Redbacked salamanders?
Plethodontidae
43
What is the conservation status of Eastern Redbacked salamanders?
S5
44
What are the conservation concerns for Eastern Redbacked salamanders?
Sensitive to forest management activities
45
What is the life history for Eastern Redbacked salamander?
- Entirely terrestrial life cycle - Direct development offspring (rather than larval)
46
What are some habitat requirements for Eastern Redbacked salamanders?
deep leaf litter in hardwood and mixedwood forests
47
Where will you NOT find Eastern Redbacked salamanders?
Acidic soils (e.g., coniferous woodlands)
48
Where in VT are Eastern Redbacked salamanders found?
Statewide
49
What is the scientific name of the Four-toed salamander
Hemidactylium scutatum
50
What is the family name of Four-toed salamanders?
Plethodontidae
51
What is the conservation status of Four-toed salamanders?
S2
52
Four-toed salamander larvae develop _________.
rapidly (3-6 weeks)
53
What is the overwintering strategy for Four-toed salamanders?
Overwinters underground and under cover, sometimes in mixed species groups
54
Large, healthy, adult Four-toed salamanders have a ____________ at the base of their tails.
constriction ("tear here" spot where the tail breaks off if grabbed by a predator)
55
What are the 3 slender salamanders of VT?
- Eastern Redbacked salamander - Four-toed salamander - Northern Two-lined salamander
56
Where in VT can you find Four-toed salamanders?
Champlain Valley
57
What is the scientific name of the Northern Two-lined salamander?
Eurycea bislineata
58
What is the family name of Northern Two-lined salamanders?
Plethodontidae
59
What is the conservation status of Northern Two-lined salamanders?
S5
60
Where can you find Northern Two-lined salamanders?
Found in wet soil or under cover in or around streams or seeps (STREAM ASSOCIATED)
61
Northern Two-lined salamanders have a _____ larval stage.
long (2-3 years)
62
Where do Northern Two-lined salamanders overwinter?
In running water or in nearby terrestrial habitat
63
The underside of Northern Two-lined salamander tails are ________
bright yellowish-orange
64
What is the scientific name for Northern Dusky salamanders?
Desmognathus fuscus
65
What is the family name for Northern Dusky salamanders?
Plethodontidae
66
What is the conservation status of Northern Dusky salamanders?
S5
67
Northern Dusky salamander egg masses are guarded by the _________.
Female
68
Where do Northern Dusky salamanders overwinter?
Streams or in nearby deep soils
69
Northern Dusky salamanders may share habitat with...?
- Northern Two-lined salamanders - Spring salamanders
70
What is a juvenile characteristic of Northern Dusky salamanders that fade as they age?
White lines outlined in black that start at the eye and angle down to their jaw
71
The tail of Northern Dusky salamanders are _________.
Partially keeled
72
The _____ legs of Northern Dusky salamanders are larger and stronger than the _____ legs.
back, front
73
Northern Dusky salamanders are _______-associated.
stream
74
What is the scientific name of Spring salamanders?
Gryinophilus porphyriticus
75
What is the family name of Spring salamanders?
Plethodontidae
76
What is the conservation status of Spring salamanders?
S4
77
Spring salamanders have a ______ larval period
long (3-4 years)
78
Where do Spring salamanders overwinter?
Overwinter in streams and may be active year round
79
What are the habitat requirements of Spring salamanders?
Well-oxygenated, cold, clear mountain streams or springs
80
The tails of Spring salamanders are _________.
Laterally compressed
81
All of the legs of Spring salamanders are _________.
thick and strong
82
What is the scientific name of Mudpuppies?
Necturus maculosus
83
What is the family name of Mudpuppies?
Proteidae
84
What is the conservation status of Mudpuppies?
S2
85
What are the conservation concerns for mudpuppies?
May be impacted by lampricide
86
What is the overwintering strategy of mudpuppies?
Active year-round, even in winter (below the ice)
87
What is VT's only fully aquatic salamander?
Mudpuppy (larval characteristics (e.g., gills) persist for life)
88
The eggs of mudpuppies are guarded by the _________.
Female
89
What are the defining characteristics of juvenile mudpuppies?
Broad yellowish stripes, feathery external gills
90
What are the defining characteristics of adult mudpuppies?
All brown with black blotches, feathery external gills
91
The tail of mudpuppies is _________.
laterally compressed
92
Mudpuppies can be found...
In the Champlain Valley and Connecticut River Valley
93
What are the medium salamanders of VT?
- Blue-spotted - Eastern Newt - Northern Dusky
94
What are the large salamanders of VT?
- Spotted - Spring - Jefferson
95
Which salamanders have an S5 conservation status?
- Eastern newt - Spotted salamander - Eastern redbacked - Northern Two-lined - Northern Dusky
96
Which salamanders will have females guard the egg nests?
- Eastern redback - Northern dusky - Mudpuppy

WFB 2410 (3 decks)

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