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GI ANAT > Urogenital and Anal Triangles > Flashcards

Urogenital and Anal Triangles Flashcards

1
Q

Where is the perineum?

A

External surface area of the body.

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2
Q

What are the borders of the perineum?

A

PUBIC SYMPHYSIS (anteriorly)
ISCHIOPUBIC RAMI (anterolaterally)
ISCHIAL TUBEROSITIES (lateral)
SACROTUBEROUS LIGAMENTS (posterolateral)
Inferior-most parts of the sacrum and coccyx (posterior)

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3
Q

What does the urogenital triangle contain in both males and females?

A

Males : root of the scrotum and penis

Females : Bladder Vulva

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4
Q

What does the Anal triangle contain?

A

Anal Canal and its orifice, the ANUS

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5
Q

The urogenital triangle is closed by?

A

PERINEAL MEMBRANE

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6
Q

What perforates the perineal membrane? (In males and Females)

Remember the perineal membrane is not located in the anal triangle. (Only in the urogenital triangle).

A

Urethra penetrates the perineal membrane.
In women, the vagina ALSO penetrates the perineal membrane.

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7
Q

The perineal body is a convergence site of multiple muscles. What are these muscles?

A

Bulbospongiosus
External anal sphincter
Superficial Transverse perineal
Deep transverse perineal

Skeletal and smooth muscle from the:
External urethral sphincter
Levator Ani
Muscular Coats of the Rectum

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8
Q

What are the superficial muscles of the perineum?

A

SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS
BULBOSPONGIOSUS

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9
Q

What is the function of the ischiocavernosus and Bulbospongiosus muscles?

A

Constricts venous outflow from the erectile bodies to assist erection
Simultaneously, it pushes blood from the penile root/crura of clitoris into the body of the penis/clitoris.

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10
Q

What else does the BULBOSPONGIOSUS MUSCLE do?

A

Males: Helps to to get the last few drops of semen or urine out..

Females: It can act as a sphincter for the vagina, compress the greater vestibule gland, assists in erection of the clitoris and the vestibule bulb.

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11
Q

What are the deep muscles of the perineum? (Hint: 2 more in one of the sexes)

A

DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER

Females also have..
COMPRESSOR URETHRAE
URETHROVAGINAL SPHINCTER

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12
Q

What innervates the Bulbospongiosus, Ischiocavernosus, superficial and deep transverse perineal?

A

DEEP PERINEAL NERVES

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13
Q

What innervates the external urethral sphincter, Compressor urethrae, urethrovaginal sphincter?

A

DORSAL NERVE OF THE PENIS/CLITORIS

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14
Q

What are the 2 layers of the perineal fascia?

A

SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL FASCIA (FATTY LAYER and MEMBRANOUS LAYER)
DEEP PERINEAL FASCIA

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15
Q

IN FEMALES, what are the 2 SUPERFICIAL perineal layers called?

A

FATTY SUPERFICIAL LAYER (originates from CAMPER’S FASCIA)

COLLE’S FASCIA (continuous w/ Scarpa’s fascia) (membranous deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia)

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16
Q

IN MALES, what are the 2 SUPERFICIAL perineal layers called?

A

Most fatty superficial layer in males is greatly diminished and replaced with DARTOS FASCIA

COLLE’S FASCA (Membranous deep layer of the superficial perineal fascia)

17
Q

What does the DEEP perineal fascia (GALLAUDET FASCIA) invest?

A

ISCHIOCAVERNOSUS, BULBOSPONGIOUSUS, SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL MUSCLES

18
Q

What is the GALLAUDET FASCIA fused to in 1) males and 2) females?

A

males - suspensory ligament of the penis

females - suspensory ligament of the clitoris

19
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch (potential space) located between?

A

Superficial perineal pouch is between Colles’ Fascia and the Perineal Membrane

20
Q

What is contained in the SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH in males?

A

ROOT OF THE PENIS (bulb and crura) + associated muscles (ishiocavernosus and Bulbospongiosus)
Proximal (bulbar) portion of SPONGY URETHRA
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL

SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL BRANCHES of the (INTERNAL PUDENDAL VESSELS and PUDENDAL NERVE)

21
Q

What is contained in the SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL POUCH in females?

A

ROOT OF CLITORIS (CRURA)
BULB OF THE VESTIBULE
GREATER VESTIBULE GLANDS
SUPERFICIAL TRANSVERSE PERINEAL

SUPERFICIAL PERINEAL BRANCHES of the (INTERNAL PUDENDAL VESSELS and PUDENDAL NERVE)

22
Q

Is the deep perineal pouch an enclosed space?

A

NOOO.. it is open superiorly

23
Q

What does the DEEP PERINEAL POUCH contain in males?

A

Intermediate portion of the Urethra
EXTERNAL URETHRAL SPHINCTER
BULBOURETHRAL GLANDS
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
DEEP PERINEAL BRANCHES
DORSAL NERVE and Dorsal vessels of the Penis

24
Q

What does the DEEP PERINEAL POUCH contain in females?

A

Proximal Part of URETHRA
DEEP TRANSVERSE PERINEAL
COMPRESSOR URETHRA
URETHOVAGINAL SPHINCTER
DEEP PERINEAL BRANCHES
DORSAL NERVE and Dorsal Vessels of the clitoris

25
Q

The external urethral sphincter contains fibers which extend from the neck of the bladder up to the ischial ramus of the hip bone. What are these fibers called in females?

A

COMPRESSOR URETHRAE MUSCLE

26
Q

How is the external urethral sphincter orientated in respect to the perineal membrane?

A

PERPENDICULAR!! (in both sexes)

27
Q

What does the urethrovaginal sphincter encircle?

A

Vagina and Urethra

28
Q

What does the male perineum include?

A

EXTERNAL GENITALIA (penis, scrotum, urethra)
PERNIEAL MUSCLES
ANAL CANAL

29
Q

What are the 3 parts of the penis?

A

GLANS PENIS, root (CRURA and BULB), and BODY

30
Q

What are 3 bodies of erectile tissue in the penis?

A

2 CORPORA CAVERNOSA
1 CORPUS SPONGIOSUM

31
Q

What is the capsule/fibrous covering around the corpora cavernosa?

A

TUNICA ALBUGINEA

32
Q

What is the layer of fascia just superficial to the tunica albuginea in the penis?

A

BUCK’S FASCIA (deep fascia of the penis)

33
Q

The corpora cavernosa are fused until they separate to form what?

A

CRURA of the penis

34
Q

What 2 structures is the corpus spongiosum continuous with ?

A

BULB OF THE PENIS
GLANS OF THE PENIS

35
Q

Distally, the corpus spongiosum of the penis expands to form what?

A

GLANS PENIS

36
Q

The margin of the glans penis that projects beyond the corpora cavernosa forms what?

A

CORONA OF THE GLANS PENIS

37
Q

What separates the glans from the body of the penis?

A

NECK OF THE GLANS

GI ANAT (7 decks)

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