Urogenital Disease

Question 1

What are the signs and symptoms of a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Answer 1

• low back pain
• low-grade fever
• mental status changes
• nausea
• vomiting
• loss of appetite

Question 2

What are the risk factors for a urinary tract infection (UTI)?

Answer 2

Diabetes, Alzheimer’s disease, Parkinson’s disease, immobility, reduced fluid intake.

Question 3

What are the signs and symptoms of bladder cancer?

Answer 3

Hematuria, pain during urination, urinary urgency, and abdominal lump/mass.

Question 4

What are the risk factors for bladder cancer?

Answer 4

Age > 40, tobacco use, occupational exposure, race, sex (males > females).

Question 5

What are the signs and symptoms of renal cancer?

Answer 5

Flank pain, blood in the urine, pain during urination, urinary urgency.

Question 6

What are the risk factors for renal cancer?

Answer 6

Age > 40, smoking, obesity, hypertension, long-term dialysis.

Question 7

What are the signs and symptoms of prostate cancer?

Answer 7

Back pain, symptoms of metastatic disease, urinary symptoms.

Question 8

What are the risk factors for prostate cancer?

Answer 8

Age > 65, family history, African-American ethnicity.

Question 9

What are the signs and symptoms of testicular cancer?

Answer 9

Low back pain, signs of metastasis, may be asymptomatic.

Question 10

What are the risk factors for testicular cancer?

Answer 10

Family history, HIV infection, prior testicular cancer, age, ethnicity, height.

Question 11

What are the signs and symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

Answer 11

Nocturia, dysuria, weak urine stream, hip/thigh pain, lower abdominal discomfort.

Question 12

What are the risk factors for benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

Answer 12

Men over age 50, shifts in cell turnover leading to prostate enlargement.

Question 13

What are the signs and symptoms of prostatitis?

Answer 13

Sudden fever, chills, malaise, testicular pain, low back pain, sexual dysfunction.

Question 14

What are the risk factors for prostatitis?

Answer 14

Recent infection, prostate infection, and sexually transmitted infections (STIs).

Question 15

What are the signs and symptoms of interstitial cystitis (IC)?

Answer 15

Severe bladder pain, urinary frequency up to 60 times a day.

Question 16

What are the risk factors for interstitial cystitis (IC)?

Answer 16

Female predominance, no definitive known cause, possibly autoimmune.

Question 17

What are the signs and symptoms of end-stage renal failure (ESRD)?

Answer 17

Cramping, paresthesias, restless legs, electrolyte imbalances, depression.

Question 18

What are the risk factors for end-stage renal failure (ESRD)?

Answer 18

Diabetic nephropathy, long-term NSAID use, hypertension, kidney disease.

Question 19

What are the signs and symptoms of stress incontinence?

Answer 19

Involuntary leakage of urine during activities like coughing, sneezing, laughing.

Question 20

What are the risk factors for stress incontinence?

Answer 20

Weak pelvic floor muscles, childbirth, obesity, aging.

Question 21

What are the signs and symptoms of urge incontinence?

Answer 21

Sudden urge to urinate, unable to hold it.

Question 22

What are the risk factors for urge incontinence?

Answer 22

Bladder infections, medications, neurological diseases, idiopathic.

Question 23

What are the signs and symptoms of overflow incontinence?

Answer 23

Overdistention of the bladder, difficulty with emptying.

Question 24

What are the risk factors for overflow incontinence?

Answer 24

Bladder obstruction, neurological conditions.

Question 25

What are the signs and symptoms of functional incontinence?

Answer 25

Incontinence due to mobility limitations or environmental factors.

Question 26

What are the risk factors for functional incontinence?

Answer 26

Mobility deficits, neurological disorders, access barriers.

Question 27

What are the signs and symptoms of pseudorenal pain?

Answer 27

Radiating pain to the lower abdomen, movement-related, no fever or associated symptoms.

Question 28

What are the risk factors for pseudorenal pain?

Answer 28

History of injury (fall, lifting), T10-T12 radiculitis or costal nerve irritation.

Question 29

What are the signs and symptoms of obstructive urogenital disorders?

Answer 29

Flank pain, changes in urination, groin pain, abdominal muscle spasms.

Question 30

What are the risk factors for obstructive urogenital disorders?

Answer 30

Kidney stones, tumors, prostate enlargement, family history of urinary tract issues.

Question 31

What are the general risk factors for urogenital diseases?

Answer 31

Increasing age (> 60 years), diabetes mellitus, family history of kidney or autoimmune disease, exposure to chemicals.

Question 32

What is Murphy’s Percussion Test used for?

Answer 32

A physical test to assess for renal pain by striking the back near the kidneys; a positive test indicates kidney inflammation.

Question 33

What is pseudorenal pain and how can it be differentiated from true renal pain?

Answer 33

Radiating pain to the abdomen, typically movement-related; pseudorenal pain is not associated with urinary symptoms.

Question 34

What are the signs and symptoms of urinary tract infections in older adults?

Answer 34

Low-grade fever, back pain, mental status changes, loss of appetite, abdominal discomfort.

Question 35

What are the most common signs of prostate cancer metastasis?

Answer 35

Back pain, pelvic pain, and urinary symptoms. In advanced cases, metastasis to bone and other organs.

Question 36

What are the four main categories of urogenital disorders?

Answer 36

Inflammatory/Infectious, Obstructive, Failure, Cancer.

Question 37

What are the signs and symptoms of bladder pain?

Answer 37

Pain associated with urination or a persistent feeling of bladder fullness or urgency.

Question 38

What is the clinical significance of hematuria?

Answer 38

Presence of blood in the urine, indicating possible kidney stones, infection, or cancer.

Question 39

What are the general risk factors for bladder cancer?

Answer 39

Age > 40, tobacco use, occupational exposure, recurrent bladder infections.

Question 40

What is the typical presentation of benign prostatic hypertrophy (BPH)?

Answer 40

Urinary frequency, weak urine stream, lower abdominal discomfort, hip or thigh pain.