UROLOGIC ANOMALIES- Congenital

Question 1

hypospadias

Answer 1

birth defect where urethral opening is not located at tip of penis

Question 2

pelvic kidney

Answer 2

kidney develops in pelvis instead of typical position in lower abdomen

Question 3

vesicoureteral reflux (VUR)

Answer 3

urine flows backward from bladder into kidneys

Question 4

ectopic ureter

Answer 4

ureter drains into wrong location, such as vagina or urethra

Question 5

obstructive uropathy: hydronephrosis

Answer 5

swelling of kidney due to urine buildup caused by a blockage in the urinary tract

Question 6

obstructive uropathy: ureteropelvic junction obstruction (UPJ)

Answer 6

blockage at point where kidney meets ureter, impairing urine flow

Question 7

bladder exstrophy

Answer 7

rare birth defect where bladder is turned inside out and exposed

Question 8

neurogenic bladder

Answer 8

nerve problems affect bladder function, often caused by spinal cord injuries, diabetes, or other neuro conditions

loss of bladder control due to nerve damage

Question 9

urolithiasis: congenital stone formation

Answer 9

some ppl have inc risk of kidney stones due to congenital metabolic or anatomical abnormalities

Question 10

undescended testes/cryptorchidism
- inc risk for what, dec what process?

Answer 10

one or both testes do not move into scrotum before birth
- inc risk of cancer and dec spermatogenesis if does not descend

Question 11

polycystic kidney ds (PKD)

Answer 11

genetic d/o where fluid filled cysts develop in kidneys, leading to dysfunc