Urology Flashcards
What is the management of hernias?
<1 = urgent referral and repair
> 1 = elective referral and repair (incarcertation less likely)
Incarcerated = reduce and repair on same admission
What is a hydrocele?
Scrotal swelling
Common in newborns
Painless (increases with straining)
Bluish colour
M = conservative until 5 years old
What is cryptorchidism?
Any testis that cannot be manipulated into the bottom half of the scrotum
- True
- Retractile
- Ectopic
- Ascending testis is rare
What are the indications for orchidopexy?
Fertility Malignancy Trauma Torsion Cosmetic
What are the indications for circumcision?
Balanitis xerotica obliterans (BXO)
Balanoprosthitis
Religious
UTI
What are the acute scrotum DD?
Testis torsion
Torsion appendix testis
Epididymitis
Trauma
Haematocele
Incarcerated inguinal hernia
Why are UTI’s investigated?
Prevent renal scarring
Prevent hypertension
Who to investigate for UTI’s
All <6
Atypical
Recurrent
What is the definition of a UTI?
Pure growth of bacteria >10^5
Pyuria
Systemic upset
How do you assess a UTI?
History + examination
USS
Renography (MAG3 + DMSA)
Micturating cystourethrogram (MCUG)
What is a MAG3?
Measures draingage, function and reflux
What is a DMSA?
Looks at the function and the scarring of the kidney
What is the management of VUR?
Conservative
AB prophylaxis (trimethorpim)
STING injection
Ureteric reimplantation
What is and where can you get hypospadias?
Urethral meatus on the ventral aspect of the penis
Anterior
Middle
Posterior
What is the investigations and management of hypospadias?
USS if severe
M = do not circumcises
One stage or 2 stages procedure
