Urology and Nephrology Vocabulary

Question 1

Urea

Answer 1

Waste derived from ammonia produced through protein metabolism

Question 2

Genitourinary system

Answer 2

The male organ system that includes reproductive and urinary structures

Question 3

Nephrology

Answer 3

The medical speciality dealing with the kidneys

Question 4

Urology

Answer 4

The surgical speciality dealing with the urinary/genitourinary system

Question 5

Renal

Answer 5

Pertaining to the kidneys

Question 6

Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy

Answer 6

A noncancerous enlargement of the prostate associated with aging.

Question 7

Preener Acute Renal Failure

Answer 7

ARF due to decreased blood perfusion of the kidneys

Question 8

Renal Acute Renal Failure

Answer 8

ARF due to pathology within the kidney tissue itself

Question 9

Microangiopathy

Answer 9

A disease affecting the smallest blood vessels

Question 10

Acute Tubular Necrosis

Answer 10

A particular syndrome characterized by the sudden death of tubular cells

Question 11

Interstitial nephritis

Answer 11

An inflammation within the tissue surrounding the nephrons

Question 12

Post-renal acute Renal Failure

Answer 12

ARF due to obstruction distal to the kidney

Question 13

Chronic Renal Failure

Answer 13

Permanently Inadequate renal function due to nephron loss

Question 14

End-stage renal failure

Answer 14

An extreme failure of kidney function due to nephron loss

Question 15

Reduced nephron mass

Answer 15

The decrease in number of functional nephrons that causes chronic renal failure.

Question 16

Reduced Renal Mass

Answer 16

The decreased in kidney size associated with chronic renal failure

Question 17

Isosthenuria

Answer 17

The inability to concentrate or dilute urine relative to the osmolarity of blood

Question 18

Glucose Intolerance

Answer 18

The body cells’ inability to take up glucose from the bloodstream.

Question 19

Uremia

Answer 19

The syndrome of signs and symptoms associated with chronic renal failure.

Question 20

Renal Dialysis

Answer 20

Artificial Replacement of some critical kidney functions

Question 21

Dialysate

Answer 21

The solution used in dialysis that is hypoosmolar to many of the wastes and key electrolytes in blood

Question 22

Hemodialysis

Answer 22

A dialysis procedure relying on vascular access to the blood and on an artificial membrane.

Question 23

Peritoneal Dialysis

Answer 23

A dialysis procedure relying on the peritoneal membrane as the semipermeable membrane

Question 24

Renal Calculi

Answer 24

Kidney stones

Question 25

Priapism

Answer 25

A painful, prolonged erection of the penis

Question 26

Urinary Tract Infection

Answer 26

An infection, usually bacterial, at any site in the urinary tract.

Question 27

Urinary Stasis

Answer 27

A condition in which the bladder empties incompletely during urination.

Question 28

Urethritis

Answer 28

An infection and inflammation of the urethra

Question 29

Cystitis

Answer 29

An infection and inflammation of the urinary bladder.

Question 30

Prostatitis

Answer 30

Infection and inflammation of the prostate gland.

Question 31

Pyelonephritis

Answer 31

An infection and inflammation of the kidney

Question 32

Intrarenal Abscess

Answer 32

A pocket of infection within kidney tissue

Question 33

Perinephric Abscess

Answer 33

A pocket of infection in the layer of fat surrounding the kidney

Question 34

Community-acquired infection

Answer 34

An infection occurring in the non hospitalized patient who i not undergoing regular medical procedures, including the use of instruments such as catheters.

Question 35

Nosocomial Infection

Answer 35

An infection acquired in a medical setting.