URR

Question 1

The amplitude of the E in MS does what?

Answer 1

Increases

Question 2

What does the Ross procedure do?

Answer 2

Own pulmonic valve replaces aortic valve

Question 3

What will the E/A look like on restrictive CMO caused by amyloidosis?

Answer 3

E/A 2.0 or higher

Question 4

MS does what to LV wall thickness?

Answer 4

Does not affect it

Question 5

The average normal difference between the aorta and pulmonary artery is what?

Answer 5

100 mmhg

Question 6

The peak velocity across a PDA should be what with normal pressures?

Answer 6

5 m/s

Question 7

The pulmonic valve usually has what acceleration time?

Answer 7

A longer acceleration time due to its low resistance

Question 8

Pulmonary stenosis does what to acceleration time?

Answer 8

Decreases

Question 9

The aortic valve has a what acceleration time?

Answer 9

A shorter acceleration time due to its higher resistance

Question 10

What is the pressure difference between the RV and MPA?

Answer 10

5 mmhg

Question 11

Acceleration time does what as aortic stenosis increases?

Answer 11

Increases

Question 12

TS will have a what peak diastolic velocity?

Answer 12

Increased because flow through the TV occurs in diastole

Question 13

What happens to the E deceleration time in patients with restrictive CMO?

Answer 13

Shortened decel time of the E wave and an increase in E/A ratio

Question 14

MS does what to the E wave and deceleration time?

Answer 14

Increase in the E wave and increase in the deceleration time

Question 15

Grade 1 diastolic dysfunction does what to the E wave and E/A ratio?

Answer 15

Causes a reduction in the E velocity and an E/A ratio <1.0

Question 16

Severe acute AI will cause what filling pattern and does what to the E/A ratio?

Answer 16

Will cause a restrictive filling pattern and an E/A ratio of >1.5

Question 17

Constrictive pericarditis does what the MV inflow?

Answer 17

Has a E/A >1.5 but E’ and E/E’ are normal. E’ >8 and E/E’<8

Question 18

What do you use when assessing diastolic dysfunction in patients with a-fib?

Answer 18

TR velocity

Question 19

What is propranolol?

Answer 19

A beta blocker that can prevent increased flow gradients with exercise but has no effect on resting gradients. It is used to treat HOCM and also MVP

Question 20

What feeds the inferior wall of the LV and the posteromedial papillary muscle?

Answer 20

RCA

Question 21

What is the BAV murmur?

Answer 21

Systolic ejection click heard immediately after S1

Question 22

What is Amyl Nitrate?

Answer 22

Vasodilator that increases cardiac output and increases systolic murmurs like HOCM

Question 23

Endocarditis causes formation of vegetations on what side of valves?

Answer 23

Flow side of valves

Question 24

Abnormal LVAD findings

Answer 24

Changes in LV chamber size, changes in septal position, changes in AV opening frequency, changes to regurg levels

Question 25

Atrioventricular canal defects is associated with what?

Answer 25

Trisomy 21

Question 26

Epstein anomaly is associated with what type of ASD?

Answer 26

Secundum ASD

Question 27

Most common complication of an acute MI

Answer 27

LV aneurysm formation

Question 28

Normal PCWP?

Answer 28

<10 mmhg

Question 29

Normal diastolic pressure in the pulmonary artery?

Answer 29

< 15 mmhg

Question 30

Normal RV diastolic pressure is usually what?

Answer 30

3-8 mmhg

Question 31

If the PI velocity is 2m/s this indicative of what?

Answer 31

Abnormal diastolic pressure in the PA (16 mmhg)

Question 32

A primum ASD is commonly associated with what MV abnormality?

Answer 32

Cleft MV

Question 33

Blood in a true aneurysm of the LV is contained by what?

Answer 33

Myocardium

Question 34

Blood in a pseudoaneurysm of the LV is contained by what?

Answer 34

Pericardium

Question 35

Severe PI will demonstrate what doppler waveform?

Answer 35

A dense waveform with a low peak velocity and steep slope <100 msec. So the more the severe the PI, the less the pressure half time