URR

Question 1

What is the purpose of the Liver ultrasound imaging reporting & data system?

Answer 1

It is used for ultrasound screening in patients at risk for developing HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma).

Question 2

What is a potential pathway for varices in patients with cirrhosis?

Answer 2

Blood moves from the coronary and short gastric veins into the esophageal veins.

Question 3

What does elastography measure?

Answer 3

It measures stiffness.

Question 4

What effect can estrogen replacement therapy & pregnancy have on hemangiomas?

Answer 4

It can cause hemangiomas to increase in size.

Question 5

What is indicated by a tubular vessel connecting to the left portal vein in a patient with chronic cirrhosis?

Answer 5

A dilated, patent umbilical vein.

Question 6

What is a sign of significant portal hypertension?

Answer 6

It indicates low velocity flow moving in a caudal direction.

Question 7

What can cause fulminant hepatitis?

Answer 7

Acetaminophen overdose, as well as Hepatitis A, B, and C, leading to acute liver failure and requiring liver transplant.

Question 8

How is liver transplant rejection described in Doppler appearance?

Answer 8

It is described as high resistance flow in the Hepatic Artery

Question 9

What are liver adenomas?

Answer 9

They are highly vascular benign liver tumors with an increase risk of hemorrhage and malignant transformation.

Question 10

What is the usual recommendation for liver adenomas?

Answer 10

Surgical resection is usually recommended.

Question 11

Recanalization of the ligamentum teres is a sign often associated with

Answer 11

Cirrhosis

Question 12

What is a dilated umbilical vein a sign of?

Answer 12

Portal hypertension

A dilated umbilical vein indicates increased pressure in the portal venous system.

Question 13

What are biliary hamartomas also known as?

Answer 13

Meyenburg complexes

These are focal developmental lesions of the liver composed of groups of dilated intrahepatic ducts within the dense stroma.

Question 14

What liver condition is associated with biliary hamartomas?

Answer 14

Cholangiocarcinoma, congenital hepatic fibrosis, ADPD

Question 15

What can hepatitis spread to and cause?

Answer 15

Cholecystitis

Hepatitis can lead to inflammation of the gallbladder, known as cholecystitis, causing wall thickening and GB sludge.

Question 16

What are hepatomas?

Answer 16

Solitary, solid masses of varied echogenicity

Hepatomas can grow to a very large size and vary in their ultrasound appearance.

Question 17

What can cause narrowing of hepatic veins?

Answer 17

Cirrhotic changes

Narrowing of hepatic veins leads to decreased outflow and loss of pulsatility.

Question 18

What is a sign of narrowed hepatic veins?

Answer 18

Cirrhosis

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The contour changes can indicate underlying liver pathology.

Question 19

What effect do oral contraceptives have on the liver?

Answer 19

They can cause Budd-Chiari syndrome

Use of oral contraceptives is associated with thickening of blood and potential hepatic vascular conditions.

Question 20

Fill in the blank: A dilated umbilical vein is a sign of _______.

Answer 20

Portal hypertension

Question 21

True or False: Hepatomas are typically multiple lesions in the liver.

Answer 21

False

Hepatomas are usually solitary masses.

Question 22

What is the structure of the portal vein system?

Answer 22

The portal vein system collects blood from multiple organs that are potential sources for primary carcinoma.

Question 23

What is steatosis?

Answer 23

Steatosis is the accumulation of triglycerides in the liver.

Question 24

What is Hemochromatosis?

Answer 24

Hemochromatosis is characterized by iron accumulation in the liver.

Question 25

What is Wilson's disease?

Answer 25

Wilson's disease involves copper accumulation in the liver.

Question 26

What is amyloidosis?

Answer 26

Amyloidosis is the accumulation of amyloid protein in the liver.

Question 27

What condition is commonly associated with hepatoma formation?

Answer 27

Cirrhosis is commonly associated with hepatoma formation.

Question 28

What tumor is commonly associated with primary malignancy of the liver?

Answer 28

Alpha-fetoprotein (AFP) is commonly associated with primary malignancy of the liver.

Question 29

What happens to the left gastric vein in significant portal hypertension?

Answer 29

The left gastric vein (also known as the azygos coronary vein) dilates with significant portal hypertension.

Question 30

What are abnormally dilated vessels in significant portal hypertension?

Answer 30

The main portal vein and left gastric vein can become abnormally dilated in significant portal hypertension.

Question 31

What is hepatoblastoma?

Answer 31

Hepatoblastoma is a malignancy of the liver in children.

Question 32

What is a Krukenberg tumor?

Answer 32

A Krukenberg tumor is a malignancy of the intestinal tract.

Question 33

What is a Klatskin tumor?

Answer 33

A Klatskin tumor is a malignancy found in the liver and biliary system.

Question 34

What does non-viral hepatitis refer to?

Answer 34

Non-viral hepatitis refers to liver inflammation not caused by viruses, but by factors like autoimmune disorders, alcohol, medications, and toxins.

Question 35

What are anabolic steroids?

Answer 35

Anabolic steroids are performance-enhancing drugs that can cause liver inflammation.

Question 36

What is the purpose of ablation procedures?

Answer 36

To eliminate vascular supply to a tumor If successful, no contrast will enter the tumor during the exam.

Question 37

What should be evaluated in biliary anastomosis?

Answer 37

Obstruction or fluid collection using 2D ultrasound This evaluation is crucial for assessing complications.

Question 38

What is Reye syndrome?

Answer 38

A rare disorder that affects children associated with viral infection and aspirin use It is important to recognize this condition due to its implications.

Question 39

What is Reyes syndromes soon apperance similar to?

Answer 39

Similar to steatosis fatty infiltration; hepatomegaly

Question 40

What is the function of a Linton or Warren shunt?

Answer 40

To reduce portal hypertension These shunts are surgical interventions used in managing complications of liver disease.

Question 41

What is pleural effusion?

Answer 41

Fluid collection in the lungs This condition can complicate respiratory function.

Question 42

What causes FNH tumors?

Answer 42

Hyperplasia of normal liver cells arranged abnormally FNH stands for focal nodular hyperplasia.

Question 43

What is a clinical sign of cirrhosis?

Answer 43

Low albumin level Hypoalbuminemia can lead to ascites and thickening of gallbladder and bowel walls.

Question 44

What does hypoalbuminemia cause?

Answer 44

Formation of ascites and thickening of gallbladder wall and bowel walls This is significant in the context of liver disease.

Question 45

What is the normal velocity range for TIPS?

Answer 45

50-200 cm/s This is important for assessing the function of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunts.