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therapeutics > URTI > Flashcards

URTI Flashcards

1
Q

What is the bacteria commonly associated with pharyngitis?

A

S. pyogenes

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2
Q

what are the complications commonly associated with bacterial pharyngitis?

A

acute rheumatic fever

acute glomerulonephritis

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3
Q

which age group is the most susceptible to bacterial pharyngitis?

A

3-14 yo

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4
Q

Supportive care for viral and bacterial pharyngitis:

A
  • analgesic/antipyretic
  • topical analgesic lozenges/sprays
  • saltwater gargle
  • adequate fluid and rest
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5
Q

antibiotics that can be used for bacterial pharyngitis (only need S. pyogenes coverage)

A
  • penicillin VK
  • amoxicillin
  • cephalexin
  • clindamycin
  • clarithromycin
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6
Q

major symptoms of sinusitis:

A 
purulent anterior nasal discharge
purulent/discolored posterior nasal discharge
nasal congestion/obstruction 
facial congestion/fullness
facial pain/ pressure
hyposmia/anosmia
fever
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7
Q

minor symptoms of sinusitis:

A 
HA
ear pain 
pressure
fullness
halitosis
dental pain 
cough
fatigue
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8
Q

what is the criteria of diagnosing sinusitis

A

≥2 major symptoms/1 major + ≥2 minor symptoms
+ any one of below:
persistence of symptoms >10 days not improving
severe symptoms at onside – purulent nasal discharge 3-4 days/ high fever >39 deg
double sickening – worsening symptoms after 5-6 days after initial improvement

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9
Q

treatment period for bacterial pharyngitis:

A

10 days

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10
Q

most common bacteria involved in sinusitis:

A

strep pneumoniae/H. influenzae

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11
Q

what is thing to take note of during the use of amoxicillin in sinusitis and AOM?

A

use high dose for coverage of S. pneumoniae

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12
Q

supportive care for sinusitis:

A 
analgesic/antipyretic 
nasal steroid spray 
saline irrigation 
expectorant 
nasal/systemic decongestants/antihistmines
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13
Q

Abx treatment for sinusitis:

A

amox/augmentin
levo/moxifloxacin
cotrimoxazole
cefuroxime

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14
Q

why are macrolides and tetracyclines not used for sinusitis?

A

local s. pneumonias has increased resistance to macrolides and tetracyclines

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15
Q

treatment period for sinusitis

A

adults 5-10 days

pediatrics 10-14 days

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16
Q

clinical presentation of acute otitis media:

A 
ear pain 
ear discharge 
ear popping 
ear fullness
hearing impairment 
dizziness
fever 
non-specific in young infants
17
Q

Risk factors for AOM

A 
siblings 
attending day care 
supine position during feeding 
exposure to tobacco smoke at home 
pacifier use 
winter season
18
Q

prevention of AOM

A

avoid exposure to tobacco smoke
exclusive breast feeding for 1st 6 months
pacifier use
vaccinations (HiB, PCV, influenza)

19
Q

common causative bacteria for AOM

A

S. pneumoniae, H. influenzae, moraxella catarrhalis

20
Q

support care for AOM:

A

analgesic/antipyretic

decongestants and antihistamines not shown to be beneficial

21
Q

Treatment duration for AOM

A

< 2yo: 10 days
severe symptoms in last 48 hr: 10 days
2-5 yo, non severe: 7 days
≥ 6 yo, non severe: 5-7 days

22
Q

common treatments for AOM:

A

amoxicillin 80-90mg/kg/day divided BD
augmentin 80-90 mg/kg/day divided BD
Cefuroxime 30mg/kg/day divided BD

23
Q

Common treatments for bacterial sinusitis:

A

amox 1g PO TDS/augmentin 625mg tds

Levofloxacin 500mg PO OD

24
Q

Chemoprophylaxis for influenza:

A

oseltamivir 75mg PO OD 7D

25
Q

treatment for influenza

A

oseltamivir 75mg PO OD 5D

26
Q

Groups in need of preexposure chemoprophylaxis:

A

institutional outbreaks

individuals >3mths who cannot receive vaccination

27
Q

Groups in need of postexposure chemopropylaxis

A

all high risk individuals >3mo

unvaccinated individuals > 3mth + household contacts of high risk individuals

28
Q

high risk for influenza related complications:

A

Children < 5yo
Elderly >65 yo
pregnant women /2wks post partum
residents of nursing homes/ long term care facilities
obese individuals BMI > 40
individuals with chronic medical conditions

29
Q

common treatment for bacterial pharyngitis:

A 
penicillin VK 250mg PO qds 
amox 1g PO OD 
cephalexin 250mg PO qds 
clindamycin 300mg PO TDS 
clarithromycin 250mg BD

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