Urticaria, Angioedema And Allerhic Rhinitis

Question 1

What is atopy?

Answer 1

tendency to manifest asthma, rhinitis, urticaria, and atopic dermatitis alone or in combination, in association with the presence of allergen-specific IgE

Question 2

Key effector cells in allergic rhinitis and asthma

Answer 2

Mast cells

Question 3

dominant effector in urticaria, anaphylaxis, and systemic mastocytosis

Answer 3

Mast cells

Question 4

binding of IgE to human mast cells and basophils

Answer 4

sensitization

Question 5

Most potent known bronchoconstrictor

Answer 5

LTD4, acting at CysLT1 receptors

Question 6

induces a vascular leak and mediates the recruitment of eosinophils to the bronchial mucosa

Answer 6

LTE4

Question 7

Involves dilation of vascular structures in the superficial dermis,

Answer 7

Urticaria

Question 8

originates from the deeper dermis and subcutaneous tissues.

Answer 8

angioedema

Question 9

Urticarial lesions last for?

Answer 9

<24 hours

Question 10

well-circumscribed wheals with erythematous raised serpiginous borders and blanched centers that may coalesce to become giant wheals

Answer 10

Urticaria

Question 11

dramatic swelling with more pain than pruritus and minimal erythema, which may develop with a pruritic prodrome

Answer 11

Angioedema

Question 12

takes hours to days to resolve.

Urticaria or angioedema?

Answer 12

Angioedema

Question 13

Acute vs chronic urticaria/angioedema

Answer 13

Acute <6 weeks

Chronic >6 weeks

Question 14

Usually idiopathic.

Acute or chronic urticaria?

Answer 14

chronic urticaria

Question 15

linear wheal with surrounding erythema at the site of a brisk stroke with a firm object

Answer 15

Dermographism

Question 16

Dermographism: Peak, duration and association with atopy?

Answer 16

Peaks in the 2nd to 3rd decades.
Duration <5 years.
Not influenced by atopy.

Question 17

distinctive in that the pruritic wheals are of small size (1–2 mm) and are surrounded by a large area of erythema; attacks are precipitated by fever, a hot bath or shower, or exercise and are presumptively attributed to a rise in core body temperature

Answer 17

Cholinergic urticaria

Question 18

association with the presence of IgE specific for α-5 gliadin, a component of wheat

Answer 18

Exercise-induced anaphylaxis

Question 19

Urticaria associated with polycythemia vera

Answer 19

Aquagenic urticaria

Question 20

Can be due to C1 inhibitor deficiency, resulting to generation of bradykinin

Answer 20

Angioedema without urticaria

Question 21

Kay common sites for angioedema

Answer 21

Periorbital and perioral

Question 22

Concomitant flushing and hyperpigmented papules that urticate with stroking in the absence of angioedema

Answer 22

mastocytosis

Question 23

Hallmark of allergic rhinitis.

Answer 23

Episodic rhinorrhea, sneezing, obstruction of the nasal passages with lacrimation, and pruritus of the conjunctiva, nasal mucosa, and oropharynx.

Question 24

occurs in the middle decades of life and is characterized by nasal obstruction, anosmia, chronic sinusitis, and prominent eosinophilic nasal discharge in the absence of allergen sensitization.

Answer 24

Perennial nonallergic rhinitis with eosinophilia syndrome (NARES)

Question 25

Acute vs chronic rhinitis

Answer 25

<4 weeks

Question 26

``` Oral long-acting H1 antihistamines are effective for the ff, except: A. nasopharyngeal itching B. Nasal congestion C. Watery rhinorrhea D. Ocular itching ```

Answer 26

Oral long-acting H1 antihistamines are effective for nasopharyngeal itching, sneezing, and watery rhinorrhea and for such ocular manifestations as itching, tearing, and erythema and less efficacious for nasal congestion.

Question 27

most potent drugs available for the relief of established rhinitis, seasonal or perennial, and are effective in relieving nasal congestion as well as ocular symptoms

Answer 27

Intranasal high-potency glucocorticoids

Question 28

Most common side effects of intranasal glucocorticoids?

Answer 28

local irritation

Question 29

standard for the management of nasal congestion

Answer 29

Oral α-adrenergic agonist decongestants containing pseudoephedrine, generally in combination with an antihistamine.