U.S History Final Exam Flashcards
(141 cards)
1
Q
- An Intellectual movement that spread from Europe to the Americas.
- Influenced the thinking of leaders of the American Revolution
A
Enlightenment
2
Q
An English philosopher expressed that people are born with “natural” rights. These rights include the right to life, liberty, and property.
A
John Locke
3
Q
a French writer and philosopher who argued for separation of powers within the government. In his view, each branch of government should serve as a check on the other branches’ power
A
Baron de Montesquieu
4
Q
another French Philosopher, believed in the natural goodness of people and in individual freedom. He argued that government should be formed and guided by the “general will” of the people
A
Jean Jacques Rousseau
5
Q
an Italian philosopher, promoted new ideas about the justice system. He argued that people accused of crimes had certain rights, and he advocated abolishing torture. Hi ideas were based on the belief that government should seek the greatest good for the greatest number of people
A
Cesare Bonesana Beccaria
6
Q
What were the effects of the Enlightenment?
A
- Use observation to make new discoveries, rely on reason, and question traditional authority
- Led many American colonists to challenge the authority of the British monarchy
- When Thomas Jefferson wrote the Declaration of Independence, he drew on the ideas of John Locke. The Declaration of Independence states that all men have the right to liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
- Many ideas in the Constitution are based on the ideas of Enlightenment thinkers
7
Q
Which statement is a core belief of Enlightenment thinkers?
A. Only society creates what is good and reasonable
B. Truth can be discovered through faith alone
C. Society and humankind can progress and improve
D. Only rich people can find happiness in this life
A
C. Society and humankind can progress and improve
8
Q
Enlightenment ideas encouraged people to:
A. affirm their loyalty to the church
B. recognize the natural rights of the government
C. question traditional authority
D. give up their natural rights for the social goods
A
C. question traditional authority
9
Q
Which philosopher most influenced Jefferson’s writing in the Declaration of Independence?
A. Beccaria
B. Locke
C. Rousseau
D. Montesquieu
A
B. Locke
10
Q
Montesquieu’s ideas led to
A. Three branches in the federal government
B. the Bill of RIghts
C. direct election of the president
D. trial by jury
A
A. Three branches in the federal government
11
Q
According to Locke, people have the right to rebel against or abolish the government when it
A. relies only on reason
B. does not protect people’s “natural” rights
C. is a monarchy
D. does not have seperation of powers
A
B. does not protect people’s “natural” rights
12
Q
The ideas of the Enlightenment encouraged people of the new United States to
A. be loyal to the new government
B. form a government based on law and reason
C rely on traditional forms of government
D. recognize the rights of the British government
A
B. form a government based on law and reason
13
Q
What was the ideas Behind the American Revolution?
A
In the Declaration of Independence, Thomas Jefferson drew on the writing of John Locke.
- He claimed that if the government became tyrannical people should resist it.
14
Q
Although Locke’s ideas were for people to be born with rights of life, liberty, and property, what was another idea that he claimed?
A
Government has power by the consent of the people. People have the right to change or abolish a government that does not protect their natural rights.
15
Q
What were two ideas in the Declaration of Independence?
A
- American Colonies had unalienable rights that the King could not take away. These rights are life, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness
- People have the right to “alter or abolish” a government that threatens their unalienable rights
16
Q
What was the resolution to the key issue of “North versus South”?
A
The Three-Fifths Compromise allowed for three-fifths of a state’s slaves to be counted as population.
17
Q
What was the resolution to the key issue of “Division of Powers”
A
The Constitution gives delegated powers, such as:
- control of foreign affairs
- to the federal government.
The states are given reserved powers, such as supervising education.
18
Q
What was the resolution to the key issue of “Seperation of Powers”
A
The Constitution created three branches of government – executive, legislative, and judicial. Each branch limits the power of the others in a system of checks and balances
19
Q
How did the Bill of Rights work?
A
At least 9 states needed to ratify, or approve, the Constitution. Opponents, called Antifederalists, argued that the Constitution lacked the protection of individual rights. Supporters, called Federalists, said that the Constitution gave only limited powers to the national government.
20
Q
What was the Bill of Rights?
A
The first 10 amendments to the Constitution. Its the summary of citizens’ rights and freedoms.
21
Q
The Declaration of Independence states that all people have unalienable rights, which are rights?
A. given by the consent of the people
B. to be free of taation
C. that the government cannot take away.
D. that Congress can grant
A
C. that the government cannot take away.
22
Q
An unalienable right listed in the Declaration of Independence is
A. Private property
B. the right to bear arms
C. Freedom of Speech
D. the pursuit of happiness
A
D. the pursuit of happiness
23
Q
How does the Constitution limit the power of the federal government?
A. by refusing to have a single executive leader
B. by ensuring that both large and small states are fairly represented
C. by giving the states the power to control foreign affairs
D. by checks and balances among the three branches of government
A
D. by checks and balances among the three branches of government
24
Q
Which statement is a reason the Antifederalists opposed the Constitution?
A. They wanted the federal government to have more power
B. They thought the Constitution did not protect individual rights
C. They wanted large states to have more representatives in Congress
D. They were against a system of checks and balances.
A
B. They thought the Constitution did not protect individual rights
25
"A bill of rights is what the people are entitled to against every government on earth . . . and what no just government should refuse" - Thomas Jefferson to James Madison
Thomas Jefferson supported the Constitution. What does this quotation show about his attitude toward the Antifederalists?
A. He thought they were dangerous to the country's future
B. He thought they were too worried about the need for a Bill of Rights
C. He agreed with their call for a Bill of Rights
D. He decided to join them in fighting ratification of the Constitution.
C. He agreed with their call for a Bill of Rights
26
What promise caused the Constitution to be ratified?
A. The Antifederalists promised to accept George Washington as president
B. The Federalists promised to give states more reserved powers
C. The Antifederalists promised to add a system of checks and balances
D. The Federalists promised to add a bill of rights
D. The Federalists promised to add a bill of rights
27
The Constitution is the supreme law of the land. In matters that concern the nation as a whole, a strong central government composed of three branches takes precedence over any individual state government. However, the Constitution reserves certain powers for the states. Disagreements between states' rights and federal authority led to conflicts such as the Nullification Crisis and the Civil War.
States' Rights vs. Federal Authority
28
In 182 South Carolina moved to nullify, or declare illegal, tariff laws passed by Congress in 1828 and 1832. South Carolina threatened to secede if the tariffs were enforced.
Nullification Crisis
29
What was the issue with the Nullification theory?
- Vice President John C. Calhoun said that a state had the right to nullify a federal law within its borders
- to withdraw from the Union if it were not allowed to nullify a federal law.
30
What was the outcome with the Nullification crisis?
President Andrew Jackson saw South Carolina's actions as a direct challenge to the Constitution as the Supreme Law of the land.
He threatened to use federal troops to enforce the law
Congress lowered tariffs, avoiding confrontation
31
After the election of Abraham Lincoln in 1860, South Carolina was the first state to secede from Union
Civil War (1861 - 1865)
32
What was the issue with the Civil war?
- Most Southerners saw the conflict over slavery as a struggle between the states' rights of self-determination and federal control.
- The confederacy declared the states rights took precedence over the Union, the Constitution, and federal laws.
33
What was the outcome of the Civil war?
- Lincoln said states didn't have the right to secede.
- When Confederate troops fired on Fort Sumter, a Union fort in South Carolina, the Civil War began.
- The Union victory four years later led to the abolition of slavery and the readmission of the Confederate states to the Union
34
What was the 13th amendment in 1865?
Abolished slavery
35
What was the 14th amendment in 1868
- Gave all citizens equal protection under the law
- Gave citizenship to those born or naturalized in the country
(to grant citizenship to and protect the civil liberties of people recently freed from slavery)
36
What was the 15th Amendment in 1870
- No one may be prevented from voting due to their race, color, or previous condition of servitude
- Resulted in literacy tests, poll taxes, and grandfather clauses to limit voting rights of African Americans
37
What was the 19th Amendment 1920?
Gave women the right to vote
38
What was the 24th Amendment 1964
Abolished poll tax
39
What was the 26th Amendment 1971
Gave 18 year-olds the right to vote
40
Which laws are the supreme law of the land?
A. state laws
B. executive orders
C. federal laws
D. the Constitution
D. the Constitution
41
The nullification Crisis occurred as a result of
A. an unpopular tariff
B. the expansion of voting rights
C. the expansion of slavery
D. an unpopular bank
A. an unpopular tariff
42
The nullification theory declared that
A. the federal government had no right to regulate trade
B. a state had the right to declare a federal law invalid
C. the Constitution was the highest law of the land
D. the election of 1832 was improper
B. a state had the right to declare a federal law invalid
43
The Civil War was fought over a state's right to
A. abolish slavery
B. pass it owns tariffs
C. regulate voting
D. secede from the Union
D. secede from the Union
44
In practice, what effect did the 15th Amendment have on voting rights?
A. It ensured that every eligible American voted
B. It led to new laws to limit voting by African American
C. It gave the vote to African-American men and women in the North
D. It did not affect voting rights
A. It ensured that every eligible American voted
45
The 19th, 24th, and 26th amendments expanded
A. the rights of the states
B. rights for African Americans
C. rights for women
D. voting rights in the United States
D. voting rights in the United States
46
What were the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction? pt1
- Need for war supplies during civil war led to rapid growth of industry and cities in the North
- Destroyed the South's economy. The war was fought mostly in the South, its bridges, road, and farmlands were destroyed. Property values declined personal and government debts increased, and the population suffered devasting losses
47
Demographic shift effects
- Both sides lost thousands of young men
- African Americans moved from rural to urban South;
- in some cities, African Americans became the majority.
- African Americans also move to Northern cities and to the West.
48
Effects of the Industrial Revolution
- The U.S shifted from a mostly rural to an industrial society after the Civil War.
- Railroad lines expanded. People, raw materials, farm produce, and finished products could be moved quickly throughout the country
49
The demographic shift in the Industrial Revolution
Mechanization of farming displaced many farm workers, especially African Americans
50
Emergence as a world power
- In the late 19th century, U.S industry made more products than American citizens could consume.
- The United States looked aboard for raw materials for manufacturing and new markets for selling U.S goods
51
Which statement describes an effect of the Civil War?
A. Southern industry rapidly caught up to the industry in the North
B. Industry in the South began to produce a surplus of goods
C. Industry in the North grew because of the demands of the war.
D. shifted to the West because of the demands of the war
C. Industry in the North grew because of the demands of the war.
52
As a result of producing too many goods, the United States?
A. began to look to foreign trade for new markets
B. cut back production to match the current needs.
C. encouraged immigrants to consume more goods
D. encouraged rural people to continue farming
A. began to look to foreign trade for new markets
53
One of the effects of the mechanization of farming methods was
A. a decline in property values in the south
B. an increase in personal debt
C. the migration of rural Americans to cities
D. an increase in the immigration of chinses laborers
C. the migration of rural Americans to cities
54
What does the graph show about the African-American population in the South during the 1850s and the 1860s
A. Richmond was the only with more African Americans after the war
B. Most southern cities saw a decrease in the number of African Americans
C. Many africans americans moved to southern cities during and after the war.
D. ore african american lived in southern cities before the war
C. Many africans americans moved to southern cities during and after the war.
55
How did Southern states specifically restricted voting rights for African Americans while helping poor whites to vote?
A. literacy tests
B. grandfather clauses
C. poll taxes
D jim crow laws
B. grandfather clauses
56
The main reason for the growth of cities at the end of the 19th century was
A. increasing industrialization
B. growing cultural diversity
C. free public education
D. improvements in farming technology
A. increasing industrialization
57
Which statement best describes working conditions in factories at the end of the 19th century
A. Factory work was difficult but it paid well
B. Factory work paid low wages because the work was easy
C. Factories were designed for the benefit of the workers
D. Factory work was difficult, dangerous, and low paying
D. Factory work was difficult, dangerous, and low paying
58
Why might a factory owner prefer to hire women rather than men as workers?
A. Factory owners supported women's rights
B. Women had more skills than men
C. Women earned lower wages than men
D. Women were less likely to quit them
C. Women earned lower wages than men
59
Which statement explains why child labor existed in the 19th century?
A. Children should be seen and not heard
B. Children did not want to go to school
C. Work was beneficial to hildrens health
D. Families depended on Childrens income
D. Families depended on Childrens income
60
As a result of child labor, children
A. learned valuable skills and made a good living
B. grew strong from the exercise of hard work.
C. were often injured or deformed from the hard work.
D. learned to balance their time between school and work.
C. were often injured or deformed from the hard work.
61
An effect caused by the publication of The Jungle was
A. the passage of stricter crime laws
B. the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
C. improved living conditions in tenements
D. improved working conditions for children
B. the passage of the Meat Inspection Act.
62
In a trust agreement, companies
A. buy out the stock of their competitors
B. buy stock in companies of trusted friends
C. turn over their stock to a group of trustees
D. give up their profits to a group of trustees
C. turn over their stock to a group of trustees
63
When a company has complete control over an industry, it has created a
A. dividend
B. merger
C. monopoly
D. trust
C. monopoly
64
When a company buys the suppliers of raw materials and the distributors of its product, the company is
A. practicing vertical integration
B. creating a trust
C practicing horizontal integration
D. breaking up a monopoly
A. practicing vertical integration
65
Which business practice was most helpful to Andrew Carnegie in limiting his competition
A. vertical integration
B. horizontal integration
C. new manufacturing techniques
D. stock options for employees
A. vertical integration
66
Why was John D. Rockefeller called a robber baron
A. he was convicted of stealing from his company
B. He used ruthless business tactics to enrich himself
C. He gave much of his wealth to the poor
D. He stole European art treasures
B. He used ruthless business tactics to enrich himself
67
How did business leaders use the Sherman Antitrust Act?
A. to break up monopolies
B. to discourage free trade
C. to create large corporations
D to limit labor union activites
A. to break up monopolies
68
Progressive wanted to reform government by
A. increasing the participation of immigrants in politics
B. strengthening the power of state legislatures
C. making the relationship between business and government stronger
D. making it more efficient and responsive to the people
D. making it more efficient and responsive to the people
69
The progressive tried to create economic reform by
A. eliminating the income tax
B. limiting the power of large corporations
C restricting immigrations
D. allowing railroads to control their own rates
B. limiting the power of large corporations
70
Which reform did Hiram Johnson accomplish as governor of California?
A. railroad was regulated
B. The Progressive Party was formed
C. The interstate highway system was begun
D. Migrant farm workers were organized
A. railroad was regulated
71
What were the results of the election of 1912 for the Progressive Part?
A. Theodore Rossevelt won the election.
B. The election marked the end of the party and its reform
C. Theodore Roosevelt came in last
D. The party lost but some of its reforms were later adopted
D. The party lost but some of its reforms were later adopted
72
What was the most important reason the Progressive movement lost power?
A. Most of its reforms were enacted and there was little work left to do
B. Its leader became divided over the issue of women's suffrage
C. International problems became more important than national reforms
D. The economy improved so much that most of the reforms were not needed
C. International problems became more important than national reforms
73
The main purpose of the Open Door policy was to
A. help China against efforts by other countries to establish colonies there
B. keep other countries from trading with China
C. make sure the United States would have access to China's markets
D. allow the United States to establish colonies in China
C. make sure the United States would have access to China's markets
74
Which statement best descrives the Boxer Rebellion
A. The Chinese government sent troops to attack foreigners in Chinese cities
B. The boxers were supported by the Japanese and attacked the Chinese government
C. The boxers resented foriegn influence in Chinese cities and attacked foreigners
D. The United States supported the Boxers who helped enforce the Open Door policy
C. The boxers resented foriegn influence in Chinese cities and attacked foreigners
75
Which country benefited most from the Open Door policy?
A. France
B. Great Britain
C. Russia
D. United States
D. United States
76
How did the Open Door policy affect U.S policy in Asia in the coming years?
A. It established good relations between China and the United States
B. It prevented the United States from getting involved outside of China
C. It set a precedent for continuing U.S involvement in Asia
D. it weakened U.S ability to keep trading markets open
C. It set a precedent for continuing U.S involvement in Asia
77
What best describes China's role in the Open Door Policy?
A. allied itself with the Japanese against westerners.
B. It was not consulted about what role it should play
C. It pledged to provide ready access to its ports
D. It agreed to allow English translation of its laws
B. It was not consulted about what role it should play
78
Following the Boxer Rebellion, the United States pledged to
A. pull back on its involvement in China
B. Aggressively safeguard open trade with China
C. make china a more active participant in international diplomacy
D. hold China financially responsible for US casualties in the Boxer Rebellion
B. Aggressively safeguard open trade with China
79
Which statement best describes why the United States became an imperialist power?
A. It wanted to keep its current military power and economic markets and spread its culture
B. It wanted to establish greater military power, keep its existing markets, and protect it own culture
C. It wanted to increase its military power, open new markets for its economy , and spreads its culture
D. It wanted to form new military alliances, open new markets for its economy, and spread its culture.
C. It wanted to increase its military power, open new markets for its economy , and spreads its culture
80
Which statement best describes Cuba before 1898?
A. It was a Spanish colony that had revolted twice to try to gain freedom
B. it was an independent country that was threatened and attacked by Spain
C. It was a Spanish colony that prohibited investments by U.S businesses
D. It was a U.S colony that was threatened and attacked by Spain
C. It was a Spanish colony that prohibited investments by U.S businesses
81
Which statement best describes the fighting in the Spanish-American War?
A. It took the United States over a year to win because its troops were poorly trained.
B. The United States won easily and fighting lasted only a few months
C. Most of the fighting was in the Philippines and the United States won in about a year
D. All the fighting was at sea and the United States won easily
B. The United States won easily and fighting lasted only a few months
82
In this cartoon published in 1898, Uncle Sam rides a bicycle with tires labeled "western hemisphere" and "eastern hemisphere", while a horse whose saddle reads "Monroe Doctrine" waits in the background. The basic message of the cartoon is:
A. Bicycling is a very American Pastime
B. The Monroe Doctrine has been left behind
C. The world will benefit from American guidance
D. America must steer a clear path into the future.
B. The Monroe Doctrine has been left behind
83
Which was the first battle of the Spanish-American War?
A. The USS maine attacked Havana
B. The United States invaded Puerto Rico
C. The United States attacked Spain in the Philippines
D. The United States took control of Hawaii
C. The United States attacked Spain in the Philippines
84
What were the effects of the Civil War and Reconstruction? pt2
- New labor systems such as the contract system and sharecropping kept many former slaves locked in a cycle of debt and poverty.
- Constitutional amendments and other laws abolished slavery and guaranteed the basic rights of former slaves. African Americans became educated and took part in state and federal government.
- Jim Crow laws established segregation. In Plessy v. Ferguson, the Supreme Court said that "separate but equal" facilities did not violate the 14th Amendment.
85
Why was a canal across Central America important to the U.S Navy?
A. It needed a faster way to travel among U.S imperial possessions
B. It needed a faster way to reach its European allies
C. It needed to prevent Spain from regaining control in Central America
D. It needed to make money to build new ships
A. It needed a faster way to travel among U.S imperial possessions
86
Colombia wanted to wait until 1904 to sell canal rights in Panama to the United States so that it could?
A. charge a higher price after France's rights expired
B. Negotiate with France and the United States at the same time
C. build up defenses in Panama against rebels
D. avoid paying a French company to get the land rights back
A. charge a higher price after France's rights expired
87
What was the U.S role in the Panama Revolution?
A. Roosevelt organized the revolution and got the French to send ships
B. The U.S Congress authroized Roosevelt to send ships and troops
C. Roosevelt waited until the United States had the rights to build the canal before supporting the revolution
D. A french official organized the revolution, and Roosevelt sent U.S ships to support it.
A. Roosevelt organized the revolution and got the French to send ships
88
Which statement best describes the workers who built the Panama Canal?
A. Most were blacks from the United States
B. Most were immigrants from China
C. Most were blacks from the British West Indies
D. Most were natives from Panama
C. Most were blacks from the British West Indies
89
Which statement about the building of the Panama Canal is true?
A. Great Britain financed the building of the canal.
B. The canal was quickly and easily built
C. Colombia was never paid for the land in Panama
D. Building the canal was dangerous work.
D. Building the canal was dangerous work.
90
How did the building of the Panama Canal affect relations between the United States and Latin America?
A. Countries in Latin America refused to use the canal
B. Countries in Latin America were friendlier toward the United States
C. Countries in Latin America were angry at the United States for its role in the Panama Revolution.
D. The united States offered to pay all the surrounding countries to help provide security for the canal.
C. Countries in Latin America were angry at the United States for its role in the Panama Revolution.
91
Which statement best describes political feeling in the United States before World War I?
A. Most people had strong feelings but did not always agree on the U.S role in the world
B. Most people believed that the conflict in Europe would pass if left alone
C. Most people wanted the United States to stay out of world affairs
D. Most people believed that the United States should protect its European allies from attack.
A. Most people had strong feelings but did not always agree on the U.S. role in the world.
92
Which effect resulted from the government's program to gain support for the war?
A. Women used more meat in cooking
B. Food and housing prices dropped
C. Labor Unions rarely had strikes
D. German immigrants were attacked.
D. German immigrants were attacked.
93
How did World War I affect the economy of the United States?
A. It hurt the economy because the government regulated industry
B. Many men were unemployed after they returned from the war
C. It made the United States the strongest industrial power in the world.
D. It was a good time for farmers but had little effect on maufacturing
C. It made the United States the strongest industrial power in the world.
94
The Consumer Price Index measures changes in the prices of goods and services bought by consumers. Based on the graph, which statement about the economy during World War I is true?
A. Prices remained steady during and after the war
B. Prices rose during the war but dropped when the war was over.
C. Prices rose both during and after the war
D. Prices dropped after the United States entered the war in 1917
C. Prices rose both during and after the war
95
Which of the following best describes economic changes during the war?
A. Wages rose and corporate profits dropped
B. Wages dropped and corporate profits dropped.
C. Wages dropped and corporate profits rose
D. Wages rose and corporate profits rose.
D. Wages rose and corporate profits rose.
96
Which statement best describes Great Britain after World War II?
A. It had sustained much damage during the war
B. It was ready to expand its global empire
C. It was ready to cooperate with Russian communists
D. Its relationship with the United States was weak.
A. It had sustained much damage during the war
97
Great Britain asked the United States to take over aid to which European countries?
A. Spain and France
B. Italy and Germany
C. Turkey and Greece
D. Poland and Yugoslavia
C. Turkey and Greece
98
What was the intent of the Truman Doctrine?
A. to help rebuild European cities
B. to help modernize the economies of Latin America and Africa
C. to help countries resist communist control
D. to force the USSR to honor its agreements after World War II
C. to help countries resist communist control
99
Which was these was a result of the Cold War
A. greater cooperation between the USSR and the United States
B. the development of nuclear missiles and a huge military buildup
C. A democracy in Cuba that allowes trade with the United States
B. the development of nuclear missiles and a huge military buildup
100
Which country in the Middle East has the United States consistently supported?
A. Egypt
B. Lebanon
C. Iran
D. Israel
D. Israel
101
Which statement best describes the current position of the United States in the world?
A. the largest economy and military in the world
B. a strong member of the European
A. the largest economy and military in the world
102
How did the United States respond to the rise of militarists and dictators in Japan, Germany, and Italy before 1937
A. It offered economic aid to the militarists and dictators
B. It was built up its military forces and offered arms to threatened nations
C. It joined the League of Nations to prevent these leaders from getting too strong
D. It tried to remain isolated from European conflicts.
D. It tried to remain isolated from European conflicts.
103
The cash-and-carry system of 1939 allowed the United States to
A. sell war materials to allies as long as they paid cash and transported the goods themselves.
B. buy imports from Germany and France as long as payments were made in cash.
C. increase production of arms as long as they were paid for when rordered
D. prevent Germany from buying U.S arms by demanding repayment of loans
A. sell war materials to allies as long as they paid cash and transported the goods themselves.
104
By 1941, the United States was in an undeclared war with Germany because
A. the air force had begun bombing targets in Europe
B. the Navy was authorized to shoot at German submarines.
C. increase production of arms as long as they were paid for when ordered
D. prevent Germany from buying US arms by demanding repayment of loans
B. the Navy was authorized to shoot at German submarines.
105
At the time of the attack on Pearl Harbor in 1941, the United States and Japan
A. shared control of naval bases in Hawaii
B. were involved in peace talks concerning conflicts in Asia.
C. had engaged in several naval battles in the Pacific
D. had not formally contacted each other for several years.
B. were involved in peace talks concerning conflicts in Asia.
106
Which of these events was the most immediate cause of Japan's attack on Pearl Harbor?
A. Japan took control of Manchuria in China
B. Japan joined the Axis powers of Germany and Italy
C. The United States cut off oil sales to Japan.
D. The United States refused to negotiate with Japan
C. The United States cut off oil sales to Japan.
107
In 1940, the United States decided it would provide "all aid short of war" to allies after
A. Japan took French colonies in Asia
B. USSR took part of Poland.
C. Great Britain and France tried to appease Hitler
D. Germany took France and attacked Great Britain.
D. Germany took France and attacked Great Britain.
108
What was the main constitutional issue raised by the Japanese internment during World War II?
A. Illegal immigrants were deported without a hearing
B. Asian immigrants were not allowed to become citizens
C. American citizens were denied the right to hold peaceful protests
D. American citizens were denied due process of law
D.American citizens were denied due process of law
109
Which best describes the Supreme Court decision handed down in Korematsu v. United States
A. It stated that persons of Japanese ancestry but born in the United States were not to be confined in relocation centers
B. It declared the Internment of Japanese Americans to be legal as a matter of military necessity
C. It provided for financial compensation to Japanese for losses suffered during their confinements
B. It declared the Internment of Japanese Americans to be legal as a matter
110
The united States suspended jewish Immigration around 1939. One reason was that
A. other countries took them in
B. the Supreme Court decided all new immigrants had to speak English
C. there was fear of competition for jobs during the Depression
C. there was fear of competition for jobs during the Depression
111
How did African Americans gain more access to defense industry jobs during World Warr II?
A. General Eisenhower persuaded companies to hire them
B. Roosevelt persuaded Congress to pass a bill that guaranteed equal access
C. Roosevelt signed an order for equal access after they threatened a large protest
D. Business leaders like Henry Ford showed other owners that equal access was a good policy.
C. Roosevelt signed an order for equal access after they threatened a large protest
112
What did the African- American and Hispanic-American experiences during World War II have in common?
A. Increased racial hostiles
B. relocation to internment camps
A. Increased racial hostiles
113
American women who worked in defense industries during World War II performed
A. more menial jobs than men but were paid more
B. easier jobs than men, and were paid about equally
C. the same jobs as men and were paid about equally
D. the same jobs as men but were paid less.
D. the same jobs as men but were paid less.
114
Why did the U.S military fear invading Japan in the summer of 1945?
A. It feared U.S forces would be defeated if they invaded Japan
B. The battles for Iwo Jima and Okinawa showed that an invasion would cost many casulties
B. The battles for Iwo Jima and Okinawa showed that an invasion would cost many casualties
115
Which statement is an argument for using the atomic bomb?
A. Its development had been relatively quick and easy
B. It was like other weapons of war, just more powerful
B. It was like other weapons of war, just more powerful
116
Which statement is an argument against using the atomic bomb?
A. Too many people already knew about its existence
B. It was too difficult to demonstrate it to the Japanese before using it
C. Its power was greater than needed to defeat the Japanese
C. Its power was greater than needed to defeat the Japanese
117
In President Truman's view, the atomic bomb was
A. a scientific experiment went astray
B. a military weapon that should be used
C. an unnecessary and tragic measure
D. a matter for the generals to decide
B. a military weapon that should be used
118
Which statement best describes the consequences of dropping atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki by the end of 1945?
A. After the initial impact there was no further casualties
B. The only significant consequence reported was eye damage
C. There was an outbreak of skin disease but few further casualties
D. There were several thousand casualties beyond the initial impact.
D. There were several thousand casualties beyond the initial impact.
119
The United States an Great Britain broke the USSR's Berlin Blockade by airlifting supplies into the city. As a result
A. the United States issued the Truman Doctrine
B. West Berlin remained free of Soveit control
B. West Berlin remained free of Soveit control
120
For the United States, the main success of the Korean War was that
A. the United States formed an alliance with China against the USSR.
B. Communism was contained without the use of Nuclear weapons
B. Communism was contained without the use of Nuclear weapons
121
The United States containment policy in Latin America during the Cold War involved using
A. U.S troops to fight against communist guerillas
B. the CIA to support any regime that opposed communism
B. the CIA to support any regime that opposed communism
122
According to the cartoon, Congressmen investigating suspected communists
A. did not search hard enough to find communist sympathizers
B. were usally off track in their investigations.
C. concentrated their search in cities
D. were willing to trample the rights of citizens as they hunted communists
D. were willing to trample the rights of citizens as they hunted communists
123
What did the Cuban Missile Crisis reveal about the Cold War?
A. The Soviet Union confined the spread of communim to Europe
B. The threat of nucleur war was a constant danger
B. The threat of nucleur war was a constant danger
124
The communist economy is the USSR before 1979
A. as a world leader in production of consumer goods
B. used an efficient planning process to control production and prices
C. had performed very poorly over many years
C. had performed very poorly over many years
125
How did the Cold War affect the economy of the USSR?
A. Investment in new technology helped the economy grow
B. Competition with the United States spurred the development of new products
C. Satellite countries contributed to the growth of a thriving economy.
C. Satellite countries contributed to the growth of a thriving economy.
126
What effect did the 1979 invasion of Afghanistan have on the USSR?
A. It started a long war that was a facotr in the economic collapse
B. It led to a better relationship with the United States
C. It strengthened the Soviet power in the Middle East
D. It caused rebellion in Soviet satellite countries
D. It caused rebellion in Soviet satellite countries
127
How did Ronald Reagan's actions contribute to the end of the Cold War?
A. He increased U.S defense spending, which put extra pressure on the Soviet economy
B. He encouraged satellite nations to rebel against Soviet rule
A. He increased U.S defense spending, which put extra pressure on the Soviet economy
128
How did Gorbachev's policies affect Soviet society?
A. His economic reforms made the Soviet Union competitive with the United States.
B. His ideas of openness and reform led to independence for former satellites
B. His ideas of openness and reform led to independence for former satellites
129
After the Berlin Wall was opened in 1989, Easy Germany
A. became an independent republic within the Russian Federation
B. prevented communists from leaving the country
C. continued as a communist state but was independent of the USSR
D. reunited with West Germany
D. reunited with West Germany
130
How did the Civil right Act of 1964 affect equal access to education?
A. It provided funds to improve local schools for African Americans
B. It created programs to help African Americans improve their reading skills
C. It gave the federal government more power to speed up school desegregation
C. It gave the federal government more power to speed up school desegregation
131
One effect of the Civil Rights Act of 1964 was
A. the creation of a federal commission to insure fair employment practices
B. an investigation into federal spending on civil rights cases
A. the creation of a federal commission to insure fair employment practices
132
The specific effect of the Twenty-fourth Amendment on voting was
A. ordering federal observation of state elections
B. outlawing literacy tests
C. eliminating residency requirements
D. eliminating poll taxes
D. eliminating poll taxes
133
Passage of the Voting rights Act of 1965 came shortly after
A. President Kennedy used federal troops at the University of Alabama.
B. MLK's I have a dream speech
C. the Freedom summer campaign in Mississippi
C. the Freedom summer campaign in Mississippi
134
How did the voting Rights Act of 1965 affect voter registration?
A. It increased the role of the federal government in voter registration
B. It allowed the federal government to disqualify voters from certain states.
A. It increased the role of the federal government in voter registration
135
How did the civil rights movement affect the passage of civil rights laws in the 1960s
A.The movement had little impact on the passage of important legislation
B. The movement created pressure on Congress and helped pass civil rights laws.
B. The movement created pressure on Congress and helped pass civil rights laws.
136
Before 1965, U.S immigration policy was
A. biased toward people who were thought to fit in with American society
B. controlled by the president rather Congress
A. biased toward people who were thought to fit in with American society
137
What was the one reason behind changes in U.S immigration policy in 1965?
A. a growing need for unskilled factory workers
B. strong sentiment to limit immigration from certain countries
B. strong sentiment to limit immigration from certain countries
138
As a result of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, most immigrants came from
A. Africa and the Middle East
B. Asia and Africa
C. Asia and Latin America
C. Asia and Latin America
139
The United States has responded to the growing numbers of refugees in the world by
A. reducing the number of refugees allowed into the country
B. Allowing refugees to enter from certain countries but not others
C. requiring reugees to have certain job skills to be accepted
D. accepting more reugees and giving them special status
D. accepting more reugees and giving them special status
140
The huge number of undocumented immigrants entering the United States has resulted in
A. taxing them to help pay or immigration costs
B. new programs designed to give them job training and education
C. greater support for classes in citizenship training
D. laws that make it harder for them to get jobs and to remain in the country
D. laws that make it harder for them to get jobs and to remain in the country
141
Immigration since 1965 has contributed to the fact that
A. the majority o California residents are members of a minority group
B. the number of Hispanic immigrants has decreased
C. Asian Americans are the largest minority group in the United States
D. the number of U.S citizens has decreased
A. the majority o California residents are members of a minority group
