U.S. History Test 10

Question 1

Social Darwinism

Answer 1

Derived from Darwin’s theory of natural selection, the belief that society should do as little as possible to interfere with people’s pursuit of success

Question 2

Oligopoly

Answer 2

A market structure dominated by only a few large, profitable farms

Question 3

Monopoly

Answer 3

Complete control of a product or service

Question 4

Cartel

Answer 4

Loose association of business that make the same product

Question 5

Vertical consolidation

Answer 5

Process of gaining control of the many different businesses that make up all the phases of a product’s development

Question 6

Economies of scale

Answer 6

Phenomenon that as production increases, the cost of each item produced is often lowered

Question 7

Horizontal consolidation

Answer 7

The process of bringing together many firms in the same businesses to form one large company

Question 8

Trust

Answer 8

A group of separate companies that are placed under the control of a single managing board

Question 9

Sherman Antitrust Act

Answer 9

Law passed by Congress in 1890 that outlawed any combination of companies that restrained interstate trade or commerce

Question 10

Piecework

Answer 10

System in which workers are paid not by the amount of time worked but by the number of items they produce

Question 11

Sweatshop

Answer 11

Factory where employees work long hours at low wages and under poor working conditions

Question 12

Division of labor

Answer 12

Way of producing in which different tasks are performed by different persons

Question 13

Socialism

Answer 13

An economic and political philosophy that favors public (or social) instead of private control or property and income

Question 14

Craft Union

Answer 14

A union for laborers devoted to a specific craft

Question 15

Collective bargaining

Answer 15

Process in which workers negotiate as a group with employers

Question 16

Industrial union

Answer 16

Union that organizes workers from all crafts in a given industry

Question 17

Scab

Answer 17

Negative term for a worker called in a by an employer to replace striking laborers

Question 18

Anarchist

Answer 18

A radical who opposes all government

Question 19

Haymarket Riot

Answer 19

1886 labor related violence in Chicago

Question 20

Homestead Strike

Answer 20

1892 stricken in Pennsylvania against Carnegie steel

Question 21

Pullman Strike

Answer 21

1894 railway workers’ strike that spread nationwide

Question 22

Push pull factors

Answer 22

Events and conditions that either push people to move elsewhere or strongly pull them to do so

Question 23

Pacific Railway Acts

Answer 23

Laws passed in 1862 and 1864 giving large land grants to the Union Pacific and Central Pacific railroads

Question 24

Morrill Land grant act

Answer 24

Passed by Congress in 1862, this law distributed millions of acres of western lands to state governments in order to fund state agricultural colleges

Question 25

Land speculator

Answer 25

Person who buys up large areas of land in the hope of selling them later for a profit

Question 26

Homestead Act

Answer 26

Law that gave 160 acres of land to citizens who met certain conditions

Question 27

Exoduster

Answer 27

An African American who migrated to the West after the civil war

Question 28

Great Plains

Answer 28

Vast grassland between the Mississippi River and the Rocky Mountains

Question 29

Nomadic

Answer 29

People who move their homes regularly

Question 30

Reservation

Answer 30

Federal land set aside for Native Americans

Question 31

Battle of Little Bighorn

Answer 31

Sioux victory over the army troops led by George Custer

Question 32

Ghost Dance

Answer 32

A Native American purification ritual

Question 33

Massacre at Wounded Knee

Answer 33

Shooting of a group of unarmed Sioux by army troops

Question 34

Assimilation

Answer 34

Process by which people of one culture merge into and become a part of another culture

Question 35

Dawes Act

Answer 35

Law that divided reservation land into private family plots