U.S. Minting Errors & Varieties Flashcards

Question

Rolling Mill Errors

Answer 1

These planchets have more than one curved clip. The more clips, the greater the rarity. However, additional premiums depend on the amount of missing metal.

Answer 2

These planchets exhibit "peeling" metal. The lamination can fall from or be retained on the planchet. The larger the lamination, the greater the rarity. Lamination are frequently found on the 35% silver war nickels of 1942-45. They also are common on Wheat cents, but much more scarce on 90% silver coinage.

Answer 3

Die errors are the result of die wear and tear. Under tons of pressure and thousands upon thousands of strikes, die beings to break down.

Answer 4

These appear as small, raised, irregular blobs of metal usually at design stress points. They most often are found in the recessed areas of certain letters or numbers.

Answer 5

This sub-category of die break affects the letters of LIBERTY on the Lincoln cent. Technically, only a vertical die break between B and E of LIBERTY qualifies as a "BIE." (The break resembles the letter "I.") Generically speaking, however, die break between any of the letters of LIBERTY qualifies.

Answer 6

In this sub-category of split die, a broken piece is held in place because it is not fully separated or because it is part of the anvil (lower) die. In the latter case, the collar acts as a retaining wall fro the broken die.

Answer 7

the soft shank, eventually separating the center of the die from the rim portion. This error is extremely rare.

Answer 8

This general category includes any die abnormality not previously discussed. Collectors are primarily interested in Worn Dies, Collars and Hubs the clashed die varieties, and then only if there is significant design transfer.

Answer 9

Coin struck from dies on which letters, digits or design elements have been strengthened through the use of engraving tools are becoming very popular among error-variety collectors. While known mainly on proof coinage, a couple business strikes exist. Watch for a re-engraved vest on 1953 proof Lincoln cents and an added lower serif on the S of TRUST on some 1938 proof nickels. The die for the 1953 proof quarter is known to have re-engraved tail feathers on the reverse.

Answer 10

A myriad of combinations is possible here. These differ from "wrong-stock planchets" in that there is nothing wrong with the planchets themselves, only they are stuck by the wrong dies. Remember that a planchet larger than the coin's intended diameter cannot enter the sticking chamber. Thus, every current denomination can be struck on a dime planchet, while only dollars can be stuck on dollar planchets (excluding the smaller "golden dollar" planchets). The most common combinations are cents struck on dime planchets, nickels struck on cent plachets and quarters stuck on nickel planchets.

Answer 11

These coins were are struck with lower than normal pressure. They are distinguished from die adjustment strikes by the amount of design showing. Weak strikes show the complete design, except at the points of highest relief.

Answer 12

This coin exhibits weak or missing design elements because the die was clogged with a combination of grease, dirt and iron filings. There is a rough surface where the design element is missing. Since it is relatively easy to fake this error, only uncirculated coins are considered collectable. This is the most common of all struck-through errors.

Answer 13

The coin exhibits dual images on the edge because it passed through a second and different set of edge dies. Two sets of edge dies now are used to strike U.S. dollars (Native American and Presidential)

Answer 14

This error is commonly called a "railroad rim" (even though it is the edge, not the rim, that is affected) because it looks like a railroad car wheel. This coin exhibits a split-level edge where the oversee (hammer die strike) has expanded larger than the reverse (anvil die strike). This occurs when the collar jams on the shaft of the anvil die at a position where only part of the planchet is contained in the collar. Care should be taken not to confuse this error with a coin that has been damaged by being forced into a "lucky coin" encasement. The partial collar strike has two, distinct diameter.

Answer 15

Brockage errors result when a planchet and a normally struck coin are in the coining chamber at the same time. The two items may overlap each other, rest on top of each other or differ in size. There is one exception-the "brockage second strike"-which occurs when a planchet and a brockage coin are in the coining chamber together.

Answer 16

When a planchet and an already struck, smaller coin or fragment are in the coining chamber together, the result is a double-struck image on one side fo the smaller coin or fragment and a flattened, enlarged design on the other side, and a second coin with a strong strike on one side and a depressed and slightly enlarged, incuse mirror image of the already struck samller coin or fragment on the other side.

Answer 17

This category refers to the positioning of the dies, which can be offset, tilted or rotated. Same specialists hold that misaligned and rotated strikes should be grouped under "die varieties" because the error repeats for each coin struck.

Answer 18

Coins rotated 180 degrees have so- called "medal alignment." recent examples include the 1989D Bicentennial of Congress commemorative dollar and the 1988P Kennedy half dollar, which can be found in mint sets.

Answer 19

This coin exhibits hub doubling that occurred because a die or hub expanded during the annealing process and did not return to its original size. An expanded die matched with a normal hub results in doubling toward the center. An expanded hub matched with a normal die results in doubling toward the rim.

U.S. Minting Errors & Varieties Flashcards

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