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US - Understanding US Physics > US - Understanding US Physics - 4 > Flashcards

US - Understanding US Physics - 4 Flashcards

1
Q

5 parameters of pulse sound

A

SP3D

Spatial pulse length
Pulse duration
Pulse repetition period
Pulse repetition frequency
Duty factor

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2
Q

def PULSE ULTRASOUND

A

= imaging systems produce short burst of acoustic energy to create anatomical picture

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3
Q

def PULSE SOUND

A

= collection of wave cycles that propagates as 1 unit
. has an “end” & a “begining”

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4
Q

2 components of pulse sound

A

. ON time - transmit, talking
. OFF time - receive, listening

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5
Q

def PULSE DURATION

A

= 1 ON time
. actual time from start-end of a pulse

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6
Q

pulse duration - US range

A

0.3 - 2 micro.s

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7
Q

pulse duration - adjustable??

A

NO, fixed on each transducer

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8
Q

pulse duration - determined by??

A

sound source

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9
Q

pulse duration - equations (2)

A

pulse duration(micro.s) = #cycles x period(micro.s)

pulse duration(micro.s) = #cycles / f(MHz)

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10
Q

pulse duration r/t f

A

inverse r/t

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11
Q

pulse duration r/t #cycle

A

direct r/t

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12
Q

pulse duration r/t period

A

direct r/t

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13
Q

in US, # of cycles in 1 pulse?

A

1 pulse = 2-4 cycles

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14
Q

short pulse r/t accuracy & pulse duration

A

short pulse =
UP accuracy
DOWN pulse duration

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15
Q

long pulse r/t accuracy & pulse duration

A

long pulse =
DOWN accuracy
UP pulse duration

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16
Q

def spatial pulse length

A

= distance of a pulse from start-end

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17
Q

spatial pulse length, US range

A

soft tissues = 0.1 - 1mm

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18
Q

spatial pulse length equation

A

spatial pulse length(mm) = #cycle x wavelength(mm)

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19
Q

spatial pulse length - determined by?

A

.sound source
.medium

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20
Q

spatial pulse length - adjustable??

A

NO

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21
Q

pulse DURATION vs. spatial pulse LENGTH

A

.duration - ON time, micro.s
.length - ON distance, mm

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22
Q

SHORT spatial pulse length r/t accuracy, #cycle, wave.l

A

SHORT spatial pulse length
-UP accuracy
.UP f
.DOWN #cycle
.DOWN wave.l

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23
Q

LONG spatial pulse length r/t accuracy, #cycle, wave.l

A

LONG spatial pulse length
-DOWN accuracy
.DOWN f
.UP #cycle
.UP wave.l

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24
Q

def PULSE REPETITION PERIOD

A

= 1 ON time + 1 OFF time
= the start of one pulse to the start of the next pulse

25
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD - US range

A

100 micro.s – 1m.s

26
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD (PRP) - equation

A

PRP = 1 ON time + 1 OFF time

27
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD - determined by?

A

sound source

28
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD - adjustable?

A

YES

29
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD r/t depth.shallow

A

shallow depth - short PRP

30
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD r/t depth.deep

A

deep depth - long PRP

31
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD r/t period

A

PRP NOT r/t period

32
Q

PULSE REPETITION PERIOD r/t depth?

A

direct

33
Q

2 components of PULSE REPETITION PERIOD

A

.OFF time
.ON time

34
Q

while PULSE REPETITION PERIOD is adjustable, which component of PRP is not adjustable?

A

ON time (pulse duration) is NOT adjustable

35
Q

when adjusting PULSE REPETITION PERIOD, which component of PRP change? remain the same?

A

change PRP, change depth
.change OFF time
.same ON time pulse durationnot adjustable

36
Q

def PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF)

A

= # of pulses transmit per second

37
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) - US range

A

1,000 - 10,000 Hz/second

38
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) determined by

A

sound source

39
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) - adjustable?

A

YES

40
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) r/t max image depth

A

inverse

41
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) r/t frequency

A

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) is NOT r/t f

42
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) r/t PRP

A

inverse

43
Q

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) - equation

A

PULSE REPETITION FREQUENCY (PRF) = 1 / PRP

1 = PRF x PRP

44
Q

def DUTY FACTOR

A

= percentage or fraction of time that the system transmit a pulse

45
Q

DUTY FACTOR - US range

A

0.2 - 0.5%

0.002 - 0.005

46
Q

DUTY FACTOR determined by?

A

sound source

47
Q

DUTY FACTOR - adjustable?

A

YES

48
Q

changes DUTY FACTOR, also changes…..?

A

change DUTY FACTOR
change depth

inverse r/t

49
Q

DUTY FACTOR r/t depth

A

inverse

50
Q

DUTY FACTOR equation

A

DUTY FACTOR (%) = pulse duration / PRP x (100)

51
Q

DUTY FACTOR - 0%

A

silent transducer

52
Q

DUTY FACTOR - 100%

A

continuous sound wave
NO image

53
Q

shallow image r/t listening time, PRP, PRF, duty factor

A

shallow image =
.LESS listening
.SHORT PRP
.HI PRF
.HI duty factor

54
Q

deep image r/t listening time, PRP, PRF, duty factor

A

deep image =
.MORE listening
.longer PRP
.LOW PRF
.LOW duty factor

55
Q

SHALLOW vs. DEEP imaging r/t listening time, PRP, PRF, duty factor

A

shallow image =
.LESS listening
.SHORT PRP
.HI PRF
.HI duty factor

deep image =
.MORE listening
.longer PRP
.LOW PRF
.LOW duty factor

56
Q

which parameters of sound pulse are adjustable?

A

ADJUSTABLE

.PRP
.PRF
.duty factor

57
Q

which parameters of sound pulse are NOT adjustable?

A

NOT adjustable

.spatial pulse length
.pulse duration

58
Q

5 parameters of sound pulse - US range?

A

pulse duration = 0.5 - 3.0 micro.s

spatial pulse.l = 0.1 - 1mm

PRP = 0.1 - 1m.s

PRF = 1,000 - 10,000 Hz

duty factor = 0.2 - 0.5%

59
Q

draw info graph for 5 parameters of sound pulse

A

check CH 4 notes

US - Understanding US Physics (5 decks)

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