USA

Question 1

Cause of economic boom - Invention

Answer 1

Building industry - Concrete mixers
Communication - Dial phones
Chemicals - Cellophane

Question 2

Cause of economic boom - Electrification

Answer 2

Electricity became widely available and domestic appliances cheaper

Question 3

Cause of economic boom - Mass production

Answer 3

Assembly line (Chicago slaughterhouse) caused decreased prices

Question 4

Cause of economic boom - Mass marketing

Answer 4

Caused consumer culture

Question 5

Cause of economic boom - Hire-purchase

Answer 5

Customer could pay in installments

Question 6

Cause of economic boom - Government policy

Answer 6

Laissez faire - favourable to businesses (high tariffs and low taxation)

Question 7

How did the construction industry do after economic boom?

Answer 7

Flourished as businesses needed infrastructure - skyscrapers were designed

Question 8

How did the textiles industry do after economic boom?

Answer 8

Change in style meant clothes made from artificial silk so struggled despite more clothes being bought

Question 9

How were textile workers treated

Answer 9

Some of the lowest paid factory workers

Question 10

How did the steel industry do after economic boom?

Answer 10

Prospered as cars and girders required steel

Question 11

How did the car industry do after economic boom?

Answer 11

1. Ford reduced cost of Model T from $850 to $290
2. Workers were paid well
3. 1/5 Americans owned a car by 1929
4. Implemented the Assembly line

Question 12

How did the farming industry do after economic boom?

Answer 12

1. Struggled as European farmers returned to their farms
2. Tariffs made Europe sales worse
3. Competition from Argentina and Canada
4. American food consumption turned to luxurious foods (fresh fruit)
5. Prohibition - consumption of barley for beer fell by 90%

Question 13

Did Black Americans feel the economic boom?

Answer 13

1. 750,000 farm workers were laid off
2. 1/20 black Americans had a desk job compared to 1/3 white Americans
3. Segregation into slums like Harlem

Question 14

Did Native Americans feel the economic boom?

Answer 14

1. Forced to live in reservations
2. Those who stayed suffered from illness and poverty
3. Those who left met prejudice

Question 15

Did new immigrants feel the economic boom?

Answer 15

No as they were only offered lowest paying jobs or no jobs

Question 16

Roaring Twenties - cinema

Answer 16

1. Audiences doubled (95 mil)
2. Charlie Chaplin and other stars
3. ‘Talkies’ arrived (1927)
4. Concerns over corruption of public morals arose

Question 17

Roaring Twenties - jazz

Answer 17

1. The popular music of the 1920s
2. Originated in the African American southern community
3. Linked to dance and led to formation of nightclubs
4. Appealed to the young

Question 18

Roaring Twenties - radio

Answer 18

1. By 1930 40% of Americans owned a radio
2. First national network was NBC
3. Used to broadcast to the masses
4. Produced the age of the great dance bands

Question 19

What was the red scare?

Answer 19

1. European immigrants labelled as communists
2. Wave of strikes (1919) seemed to confirm suspicions
3. Conspiracies against the state in the form of bombs
4. Mitchell Palmer’s house was bombed causing the Palmer Raids
5. 6,000 arrested

Question 20

What was the Monkey trial?

Answer 20

1. Fundamental Christians who believed in literal translation of Bible against Urban Christians who accepted Darwin’s theory of evolution
2. 6 states outlawed teaching of theory
3. John Scopes taught evolution and went to trial (July 1925)
4. He was fined $100 but Fundamentalists were ridiculed

Question 21

Was immigration a problem in 1920s America

Answer 21

1. Emergency Quota Act (1921, limit of 357,00/year)
2. National Origins Act (1924, limit of 150,000/ year)
3. Asian immigrants barred
4. 85% of immigrants came from Northern Europe

Question 22

Why was the prohibition started?

Answer 22

1. Pressure groups (dries) argued it was the cause of crime and poverty
2. WWI - American brewers were of German descent so alcohol linked to German aggression
3. Politicians realised they could get votes if they campaigned for it
4. Protestant Church

Question 23

Why did prohibition fail?

Answer 23

1. New York had 32,000 speakeasies
2. Rich ordered wine deliveries while poor brewed moonshine
3. Government enforcement agents were easily bribed
4. It was ended by Roosevelt in 1933 with the 21st Amendment

Question 24

Role of women in 1920s

Answer 24

1. They got the vote
2. Employment increased by 25% to 10 million by 1929
3. Women preferred to men in electronics
4. Began smoking, drinking and kissing in public
5. Drove - Ford introduced coloured cars
6. Divorce rate more than doubled - independence
7. Short hair and makeup symbols of freedom

Question 25

Causes of Wall Street Crash

Answer 25

Buying on the margin - banks lend 90% of share price. Speculators. Panic selling after market fell

Question 26

Consequences of Wall Street Crash

Answer 26

1. 1/4 of workforce out of a job by 1923 2. Bank closures 3. Homelessness as no welfare 4. Shanty towns (Hoovervilles) 5. Veterans denied war service bill so camped outside white house - 2 killed

Question 27

What % of Americans were too poor to take part in the boom

Answer 27

50-60%

Question 28

What % of the money did the top 5% get in America

Answer 28

33%

Question 29

Describe Sacco-Vanzetti trials

Answer 29

1. Two men were accused of murder during an armed robbery 2. Judges had prejudice as they referred to the men in racist ways 3.Prosecution relied on dubious ballistics evidence 4. Executed in 1927

Question 30

Two pressure groups

Answer 30

Woman's Christian Temperance Union and Anti-Saloon League