USA Post-War 📈 Flashcards
(108 cards)
1
Q
By 1941, military budgets were how much higher than in 1940?
A
X4 higher
2
Q
How much were the govt spending a day by 1945?
A
$250 million
3
Q
What did Roosevelt set up in 1942?
A
War Production Board
4
Q
From 1941-45, how many planes, tanks, guns and rounds of ammunition did USA make?
A
300,000 planes / 100,000 tanks / 20 million guns / 44 billion rounds of ammunition
5
Q
How much did the USA’s GNP grow by in what years?
GNP = amount of money USA makes in a year
A
1939 = $91.3 billion 1945 = $166.6 billion
6
Q
How many people worked in factories?
A
14 million
7
Q
How much did the amount of money spent on consumer goods increase by?
A
50%
8
Q
When was the Lend Lease introduced and what did it do?
A
1941 - meant Britain would be loaned necessary equipment to fight Nazis
9
Q
How much did Britain receive from the USA from the Lend lease?
A
$31.4 billion
10
Q
How much in total was shipped out of USA in the Len Lease?
A
$50.1 billion worth
11
Q
What did farm income grow by as a % and in $
A
grew by 250% to $20 billion
12
Q
How many black Americans moved to cities in 1940-44
A
5 million
13
Q
How many black Americans worked in the armament factories?
A
2 million
14
Q
How many black Americans worked for the govt in what years?
A
1939 = 50,000 1944 = 200,000
15
Q
By what year did 7 million women join the workforce?
A
1944
16
Q
How many women joined the armed forces?
A
300,00
17
Q
How many native Americans joined the armed forces?
A
75,000
18
Q
How many new businesses were set up in the war?
A
500,000 eg. Coca-Cola
19
Q
What did Wrigleys do during the war?
A
supplied gum in soldier’s ration packs
20
Q
How many people were part of unions in what year?
A
1941 = 11 million 1945 = 15 million
21
Q
How many people overall joined the war effort?
A
15 million
22
Q
By 1945, how many people had moved to find war work?
A
1 in 8
23
Q
How much did the population of California grow by?
A
72%
24
Q
How many ‘relocation centres’ were set up after the Japanese attack on Pearl Harbor?
A
10
25
How many Japanese Americans were forcibly sent to camps?
100,000
26
How much money was taken (mostly from looting) Japanese Americans?
$400 million
27
What fraction of aircraft workers were women?
1/3
28
What fraction of workers in munitions and electronics were women?
1/2
29
How many plant managers said women were the best workers?
60%
30
By what year was a third of the workforce women?
1944
31
How many women entered the workforce between 1942-45?
6 million
32
What board authorized equal pay, but women were still paid less despite this
The National War Labor Board
33
How much percent did women earn of men's wages?
65%
34
How many women entered the armed forces?
300,000
35
When were black Americans given the right to vote?
1870
36
In what state were black Americans who tried to vote lynched?
Mississippi
37
How many black Americans were registered to vote in Mississippi?
5%
38
How much more did white teachers earn than black teachers?
30% more
39
What were the laws called that segregated black Americans?
Jim Crow Laws
40
During the 1950s, how much of the world's goods did america make?
nearly 50%
41
Where did many white Americans move from and to?
from cities to suburban areas
42
By 1960, how much higher was the living standard of Americans than Britons
3x higher
43
What term came about from what year used to descri9be a group of people with more money and free time?
Teenagers from 1940
44
Give two examples of teenage rebels
Marlon Brando, James Dean
45
What was TV ownership in 1948?
0.4% of households
46
What was TV ownership in 1954?
55.7%
47
What was TV ownership in 1958?
83.2%
48
How many hit singles did Elvis have?
170
49
How many top-selling albums did Elvis have?
80
50
What was Truman's enlargement of the New Deal going to include?
increasing unemployment insurance, increasing minimum wage, clearing slums, more public work programs
51
How much did Europe owe the USA by the end of the war?
$11.5 billion
52
What was the Marshal Plan and when was it?
Marshall Plan (1948) gave $17 billion to European countries so they could rebuild economies`
53
By what year had the USA spent $13 billion on Europe?
1951
54
How were the American loans to other countries helpful for America?
They could get trade and interest payments
55
What was the Truman Doctrine, and when was it?
1947 - "for every communist action, there will be an equal, opposite American reaction"
56
What did Red Scare thingy did Congress set up?
House Committee of Un-American Activities - to investigate communist sympathizers in the govt, education and film
57
Who was the USSR communist spy working under Truman, and when was he convicted?
Alger Hiss - Jan 1950
58
What was the famous slogan of the Second Red Scare
"Reds under every bed"
59
Who did Joe McCarthy accuse of being communist?
General Marshall, and future President Eisenhower
60
Who was McCarthy's ally?
J Edgar Hoover, director of the FBI
61
How many files did J Edgar Hoover build, and how many proved to be true?
60,000 files, 556 true
62
How many names did the Hollywood blacklist contain, and what did this cause?
150 names - resulted in them being fired
63
When were the Greensboro sit ins, and how many desegregated lunch counters were there?
1960 - 126
64
When were freedom rides?
1961
65
What were freedom rides?
Members of CORE decided to ride on buses in the city of Birmingham Alabama as the city was ignoring the integration on buses law
66
When was MLK’s March on Washington?
August 1963
67
How many people were at the March on Washington
200,000 blacks 50,000 whites
68
In Selma, what was the population of black Americans, out of how many people?
15,000 black out of a population of 29,000
69
How many black Americans are registered to vote in Selma?
335
70
When and how many people were involved in the Selma March, and what happened to them?
600 marched and they were attacked - media dubbed it “Bloody Sunday”
71
What does NOW stand for, and when was it set up?
National Organisation for Women - 1966
72
What was the NOW Bill of Rights, and when was it?
1967 - wanted to enforce laws banning sexual discrimination in the workplace, maternity leave rights, social security benefits, equal job training etc
73
What did the Equal Pay Act establish and when was this?
1963 - established the principle for men and women in the same job to have the same pay, but there were many excerions
74
What is the Equal Rights Amendment Act, and when was it?
1972 - removed the exceptions in the Equal Pay Act
75
Despite the Equal Pay Amendment Act (1972), what was women’s pay still compared to men’s?
70% of men’s pay
76
When did the Supreme Court allow contraception for unmarried couples?
1972
77
When was Roe VS Wade, and what was it about?
1973 - Supreme Court made abortion legal :)
78
What and when was the first Civil Rights Act?
1964 - made it illegal for local govt to discriminate in housing and employment
79
After the 1964 Civil Rights Act, how many black Americans registered to vote in how many months?
In 20 months 430,000 registered
80
When, what act, and who pushed the allowance of govt agents to inspect voting procedures to make sure black Americans could vote?
1965 - Voting Rights Act - President Johnson
81
When was the second Civil Rights Act, and what did it do?
1968 - housing could not be sold or rented (or prevented from) on the basis of race, religion, national origin or sex
82
Who led the Nation of Islam, and who did the group attract?
Elijah Muhammad - attracted black Americans who were frustrated with the lack of progress by peaceful protests
83
Give a famous member of the Nation of Islam
Boxer Cassius Clay who changed his name to Muhammad Ali
Malcolm Little aka Malcom X
84
What did Malcom X want?
A separate black state in America and use force if necessary
85
When was Malcom X assassinated?
1965
86
What was the SNCC and when was it set up?
1960 - initially non-violent
87
What does the SNCC stand for?
Student Non-Violent Coordinating Council
88
Why did the SNCC become more radical and when?
1966 - Stokely Carmichael was elected chairman - he talked about “black power” and was critical of MLK
89
What were the Black Panthers and how many members did they have?
2000 member - a small private army who believed blacks should arm themselves and force whites to give them equal rights
90
When, where, and how many were involved in the Watts Riot?
1965 - Los Angeles - 30,000 protestors
91
When, and how many people were arrested in the Detroit Riots?
July 1967 - 7000 people
92
Why did the Race riots happen?
Black Americans didn’t feel they had the same protection as white americas as most police were white
93
How much did Kennedy’s Housing Act spend on improving housing?
$5 billion
94
How much did Johnson spend on improving primary and secondary education?
$1.5 billion
95
What did the Economic Opportunity Act do, and when was this?
1964 - provided training to disadvantaged youths aged 16-21
96
What was Medicare and Medicaid 1965?
Provided medical insurance for the over-65s and hospital care for the poor
97
What act provided money for replacing inner city slums with new homes?
The Development Act 1964
98
What act provided money for college students?
The Higher Education Act
99
Why was Johnson’s Great Society not given more credit?
Much of his work was drowned out by the terrible publicity around the Vietnam War
100
When was Little Rock?
1957
101
How long did President Eisenhower send troops in to protect the Little Rock 9?
6 weeks
102
What happened in Little Rock, Arkansas?
Supreme Court ordered the governor of Arkansas (Orval Faubus) to let 9 black children go to a white high school but used state troopers to stop them
103
How much income did the Montgomery Bus Boycott lose?
65%
104
What was formed due to the Montgomery bus boycott?
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA)
105
What and when was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
1955-56 = Rosa Parks didn’t give up her seat and was arrested and convicted
106
When was the Brown V Board of Education, Topeka, Kansas, case?
1954
107
What was the Brown V Board of Education, Topeka case
- girl called Linda Brown wasn’t allowed to attend her local white-only school
- the court ordered all southern states to open intergrated schools
108
Who didn’t like the Great Society and why?
Republicans - hated limitations it put on people’s freedom
