Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

USA Presidents 1901-2001 > USA Presidents 1901-2001 > Flashcards

USA Presidents 1901-2001 Flashcards

(97 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What was a significant change in the presidency under Theodore Roosevelt?

A

The presidency became more proactive in domestic and foreign policies

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Who were the passive presidents from 1921 to 1932?

A
  • Warren G. Harding
  • Calvin Coolidge
  • Herbert Hoover
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What major economic policies did FDR implement?

A

Programs aimed at recovery from the Great Depression, including the New Deal

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

What characterized the Imperial Presidency from 1945 to 1963?

A

Increased executive power in foreign affairs

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Which presidents were noted for the limits of the presidency from 1963 to 1972?

A
  • Lyndon B. Johnson (LBJ)
  • Richard Nixon
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

What events contributed to the weakening of the presidency from 1972 to 1980?

A
  • Watergate scandal
  • Jimmy Carter’s challenges
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Which presidents are associated with the recovery of the presidency from 1981 to 2000?

A
  • Ronald Reagan
  • George Bush Sr.
  • William (Bill) Clinton
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

What was Theodore Roosevelt’s view on government regulation?

A

He advocated for government regulation to combat corporate greed and corruption

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

What was the purpose of the Hepburn Act?

A

To grant the Interstate Commerce Commission increased powers over railroad rates

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What significant conservation efforts did Roosevelt undertake?

A
  • Created more national parks than any other president
  • Set aside 200 million acres for national forests and wildlife reserves
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Fill in the blank: Roosevelt believed in the slogan ‘_______ and carry a big stick’.

A

Speak softly

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What was the Roosevelt Corollary?

A

An amendment to the Monroe Doctrine asserting the U.S. role in Latin America

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What key legislation did Woodrow Wilson introduce to reform banking?

A

The Federal Reserve Act (1913)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What was the significance of the 17th Amendment?

A

It allowed for the direct election of Senators by the people

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What was the main focus of Wilson’s Fourteen Points?

A

To establish a framework for lasting peace after World War I

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What was the Teapot Dome Scandal?

A

A bribery scandal involving Secretary of the Interior Albert B. Fall leasing oil-rich lands

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

How did Harding’s administration approach foreign policy?

A

By delegating responsibilities rather than taking direct action

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What was a major result of the Revenue Acts of 1924 and 1926 during Coolidge’s presidency?

A

Sharp reductions in income tax, contributing to the ‘Coolidge Prosperity’

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

True or False: Herbert Hoover was known for his active intervention in the economy.

A

False

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

What was the impact of the Adamson Act (1916)?

A

It established an 8-hour workday for railway workers

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What did the Pure Food and Drug Act (1906) aim to achieve?

A

Nationwide regulation of the food industry

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What did Wilson’s administration do in response to the sinking of U.S. merchant ships?

A

Led to the declaration of war against Germany

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What did Coolidge discuss in his inaugural address?

A

Lynching, child labour, and gender wage disparity

Despite discussing these issues, Coolidge took no steps to address them during his administration.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

What were the Revenue Acts of 1924 and 1926 known for?

A

Sharp reductions in income tax, gift tax, excise tax, and inheritance tax

This is often cited as a reason for the ‘Coolidge Prosperity’.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What crisis did agriculture face during Coolidge's presidency?
Surplus of crops, low selling prices, and loss of international markets ## Footnote Advanced farming techniques and the end of the war contributed to this crisis.
26
What was the McNary–Haugen Bill that Coolidge vetoed?
A bill to establish an Agricultural Export Corporation to buy surplus produce and sell it abroad
27
What did Coolidge do regarding buying shares 'on the Margin'?
Did not outlaw buying shares 'on the Margin' ## Footnote This was a factor leading to the stock market crash.
28
What was the Kellogg–Briand Pact?
An agreement that renounced war as a means for solving conflict ## Footnote Secretary of State Frank B. Kellogg won the Nobel Peace Prize for his work on this pact.
29
What was Hoover's stance on subsidies for farmers?
Refused to grant subsidies despite many farmers campaigning for assistance
30
What did the Agricultural Marketing Act (1929) support?
The establishment of a Federal Farm Board to provide loans to farmers
31
What was Hoover's response to the Wall Street Crash?
Called for local and state governments to take action, but did not offer federal assistance
32
What was the purpose of the President’s Emergency Committee on Employment (PECE)?
To coordinate private efforts to aid the unemployed ## Footnote However, it advocated for greater government expenditure.
33
What did the Smoot–Hawley Act impose?
Higher tariffs on imported goods
34
What did Hoover's Reconstruction Finance Corporation (RFC) fail to do?
Help smaller banks but saved larger ones from collapse
35
What was the Emergency Relief Construction Act?
Provided $2 billion for public works and $300 million for state relief programs
36
What sentiment was prevalent during Hoover's administration?
'In Hoover we trusted, now we’re busted'
37
What was the London Naval Conference (1930) about?
An agreement to limit the number and size of naval cruisers
38
What was the Stimson Doctrine?
A response to the Japanese invasion of Manchuria, asserting non-recognition of territorial gains made through aggression
39
What was the 'Good Neighbour' policy?
Aimed to reduce American political and military presence in Latin America
40
What major event did Franklin D. Roosevelt come to power during?
The Great Depression
41
What was the significance of the Securities Act passed in May 1933?
Required accurate stock information to be released to investors
42
What did the Glass–Steagall Act establish?
The Federal Deposit Insurance Corporation (FDIC) to protect bank depositors
43
What was the purpose of the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC)?
Put young men to work on public projects like building bridges and cleaning beaches
44
What did the Agricultural Adjustment Act (AAA) do?
Offered cash payouts to farmers who agreed to cut production
45
What was the Social Security Act (1935) designed to provide?
Old age assistance, unemployment insurance, aid to dependent children, and aid to the blind
46
What was the outcome of the Roosevelt Recession in 1937?
Industrial production plummeted by 33% and unemployment reached 11.5 million
47
What did Roosevelt refuse to recognize regarding Japan?
Japanese control of Manchuria
48
What was the National Security Act (1947)?
Established key organizations like the Department of Defense and the CIA
49
What was the Truman Doctrine?
Aimed to contain Communism and prevent its spread
50
What did the Marshall Plan provide?
Economic aid to European countries to prevent them from becoming Communist
51
What did Eisenhower's Interstate Highway Programme accomplish?
Created 41,000 miles of road
52
What was Eisenhower's policy of 'Massive Retaliatory Power'?
A strategy that relied on the threat of nuclear weapons rather than military intervention
53
What was the significance of the CIA under Eisenhower?
Conducted covert operations to influence foreign governments
54
What type of operations did Eisenhower favor over military options?
Covert operations run by the CIA ## Footnote Eisenhower granted massive power to the CIA to conduct operations in Africa, Asia, Latin America, and the Middle East.
55
What was the most famous incident of CIA intervention during Eisenhower's presidency?
The 1953 coup in Iran ## Footnote The CIA aimed to reinstate Mohammed Reza Shah Pahlavi after the Iranian seizure of British oil land.
56
What event demonstrated the true power of the U.S. Presidency during Eisenhower's term?
The Suez Canal Crisis (1956) ## Footnote American disapproval led Britain, France, and Israel to back down from military action against Egypt.
57
What significant event in the space race occurred during Eisenhower's presidency?
The launch of the first satellite, Sputnik ## Footnote This prompted the creation of NASA in 1958.
58
Who was Elizabeth Eckford?
The first African American to attend Central High School in Little Rock ## Footnote She faced harassment from a racist mob in 1957.
59
What economic challenge did Kennedy face upon taking office?
The US faced its 4th major recession since World War II ## Footnote There were high levels of unemployment and business bankruptcies.
60
What were some of the outcomes of Kennedy's domestic policies?
* Increased minimum wage * Passed tax cuts and civil rights legislation * Economic crisis resolved within his first year ## Footnote However, civil rights legislation was weakened due to Congress's makeup.
61
What significant civil rights action did Kennedy take in Mississippi?
Federalized the Mississippi National Guard to protect James Meredith ## Footnote Meredith was the first black man to enroll at the University of Mississippi.
62
What was the Bay of Pigs Invasion?
A failed CIA-led invasion of Cuba intended to topple Fidel Castro ## Footnote It occurred on April 17, 1961, and was a major failure for Kennedy.
63
How did Kennedy respond to the construction of the Berlin Wall?
He reaffirmed support for West Berlin ## Footnote Kennedy chose not to militarily engage with the USSR.
64
What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?
A 1962 standoff between the U.S. and the USSR over Soviet missiles in Cuba ## Footnote Kennedy implemented a naval blockade to prevent conflict.
65
What was one of Johnson's major domestic initiatives?
The Great Society ## Footnote Aimed to end poverty and racial injustice through various programs.
66
What did the Civil Rights Act of 1964 achieve?
Abolition of segregation in public accommodations ## Footnote It also illegalized discrimination based on sex, color, and religion.
67
What was the Gulf of Tonkin Resolution?
A congressional resolution granting Johnson permission to use military force in Vietnam ## Footnote It was passed after an attack on U.S. naval vessels.
68
What was Operation Rolling Thunder?
Sustained airstrikes on Vietnam authorized by Johnson ## Footnote It began in 1965 and targeted Viet Cong positions.
69
What was the Tet Offensive?
A major assault by the Viet Cong across South Vietnam ## Footnote It shattered American morale regarding the Vietnam War.
70
What significant treaty did Nixon sign with the Soviet Union?
The Strategic Arms Limitation Treaty (SALT) ## Footnote This treaty aimed to limit nuclear arms.
71
What was the Watergate scandal?
A political scandal involving wiretapping and abuse of power ## Footnote It led to Nixon's resignation in 1974.
72
What was the Camp David Accords?
A peace agreement between Egypt and Israel negotiated by Carter ## Footnote It was a significant diplomatic achievement.
73
What was a consequence of the Iran Hostage Crisis for Carter?
It painted him as a poor and weak leader ## Footnote Carter failed to secure the release of American hostages after several months.
74
What economic policy did Reagan implement in August 1981?
The Economic Tax Recovery Act ## Footnote It included a 25% tax reduction.
75
What was the outcome of Reagan's economic policies?
Unemployment shrank from 9.5% to 7.4% ## Footnote However, national debt sharply increased during his administration.
76
What was the individual and corporate tax rate in America after the Tax Reform Act (1986)?
Lowest among industrialised countries ## Footnote The Act did not provide adequate revenue to balance the spending deficit and shifted the tax burden to those least able to afford it.
77
What was Ronald Reagan's peacetime military budget?
$220 billion
78
What was the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI) also known as?
Star Wars
79
What was the purpose of the Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI)?
To create a shield in space to defend America from nuclear missiles
80
What was the Reagan Doctrine?
Support for anti-communist insurgents globally
81
Which amendment stopped American intervention in Nicaragua?
Boland Amendment
82
How many Marines were killed in the Beirut barracks bombing on October 23, 1983?
241
83
What was the outcome of the INF Treaty (1987)?
Destruction of over 2,600 nuclear weapons
84
What significant event did George Bush Sr. inherit regarding national debt?
$2.8 billion debt from Nixon
85
What major act did George Bush Sr. pass in 1990 concerning disabilities?
Disabilities Act
86
What was the goal of the Clean Air Act Amendments (1990)?
To reduce urban smog and curb reliance on toxic chemicals
87
What was the response of George Bush Sr. to the Tiananmen Square Massacre?
Moderate approach, no sanctions against China
88
What military operation did Bush Sr. conduct in January 1991?
Operation Desert Storm
89
What was significant about the end of the Cold War during Bush Sr.'s presidency?
Bush saw the collapse of the Soviet Union without gloating
90
What was one of Clinton's major domestic achievements?
Reduced national debt by $90 billion in a year
91
What was Clinton's minimum wage increase?
$5.15 per hour
92
What was the 'Doctrine of Enlargement' advocated by Clinton?
Expansion of free market economies and democracies globally
93
What scandal involved Bill Clinton and Monica Lewinsky?
Affair with a White House intern
94
True or False: Clinton was impeached for lying under oath.
False
95
Fill in the blank: Clinton's political career never recovered after the _______.
Monica Lewinsky scandal
96
Who were the two leaders that met at the Reykjavik Summit in October 1986?
Ronald Reagan and Mikhail Gorbachev
97
What was the outcome of the Reykjavik Summit?
Discussion on the elimination of nuclear weapons

USA Presidents 1901-2001 (2 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions