USA - Topic 5 - Civil Rights Flashcards
(30 cards)
What was the status of black Americans in the US military during WWII?
They served in segregated units and faced discrimination in roles and ranks.
How many black soldiers were there by 1945 in the US Army and Marines?
750,000 black soldiers.
What major legal case in 1954 ruled segregation in education unconstitutional?
Brown v. Topeka.
What did the NAACP argue in the Brown v. Topeka case?
That ‘separate but equal’ damaged educational achievement and self-esteem.
How many black children were still in segregated schools after the 1954 ruling?
2.4 million.
What did President Eisenhower do in response to Little Rock’s integration crisis?
Sent 1,000 federal troops in 1957 to protect black students.
Who were the Little Rock Nine?
Nine black students integrating Central High School in Arkansas.
What caused the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Rosa Parks’ arrest for refusing to give up her seat.
Which organization led the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Montgomery Improvement Association (MIA).
Who became a prominent leader during the Montgomery Bus Boycott?
Martin Luther King Jr.
What role did the Freedom Riders play?
They tested interstate bus integration and faced violence.
What city experienced extreme violence against Freedom Riders in 1961?
Anniston, Alabama.
What year did Rosa Parks’ bus protest occur?
1955.
What was the Double V Campaign?
A push for victory over fascism abroad and racism at home during WWII.
How many black Americans held government jobs by the end of WWII?
Over 200,000.
What was the March on Washington in 1963?
A civil rights demonstration where MLK gave his “I have a dream” speech.
What act outlawed discrimination in public places and jobs?
1964 Civil Rights Act
What event is referred to as “Bloody Sunday”?
The Selma march where protestors were violently attacked by police
How did John Lewis contribute to the Selma campaign?
He led marches and suffered a fractured skull.
What law removed voting barriers based on race in 1965?
1965 Voting Rights Act.
What legislation banned discrimination in housing?
1968 Fair Housing Act.
Who founded the Black Panthers?
Huey Newton and Bobby Seale.
What was Malcolm X’s stance on civil rights progress?
He believed peaceful methods were too slow and advocated self-defense.
What did Malcolm X promote to unite black Americans?
Reconnection with African heritage and pride.
