Use and identification of muscle Flashcards
Functions of the Muscular System
- Movement
- Form and Support
- Produce Energy
- Heat Production
- Protects the Body’s Vital Organ
3 Types of Muscle in the Body
- Smooth muscle
- Cardic Muscle
- Skeletal Muscles
Characteristics of Smooth Muscle
- Lines the walls of most blood vessels
- Lines hollow organs
- Tight knit sheets
- Uninucleate
- No striations
- Involuntary movement
- Slow speed of contraction
Cardiac Muscle
- Only found in the heart
- Cells divide and converge
- Intercalated disks - Have a glue that hold muscle cells together when they contract, chemical signals can move from one cell to the next
- Uninucleate
- Pinstripe striations
- Involuntary Movement
- Medium speed of contraction
Skeletal Muscles
- Attaches to all bones in the skeleton or aponeurosis
- Supports posture
- Pulls on bones of skin when they contract
- Can have multiple nuclei
- Long-cylindrical cells
- Striations look like pinstripes
- Movements are voluntary
- Fast speed of contraction
Agonist Muscle
- Prime mover
- The muscle primarily responsible for movement of a body part
- Contracts
(In agony because it does all the movement)
Antagonist Muscle
- Relaxer
- lengthens when the agonist muscle contracts
Stabilizer Muscles
Provide support and hold a joint in place so that desired movements can occur at another joint
The basic definition of a fixator/stabilizer is a stabilizer that acts to eliminate the unwanted movement of an agonist’s, or prime mover’s, origin.
Ex. Stabilizers of the glenohumeral joint keep the humeral head from slipping out of the genloid fossa during movement
Indirect attachment
- Most common
- Muscle ⇒ Tendon ⇒ Periosteum
-The epimysium (a sheath of connective tissue that surrounds the exterior of the muscle fibre) extends past muscle along with the endomysium and perimysium as a tendon.
Direct attachment
- Muscle ⇒ Periosteum
- Epimysium adheres to and fuses with the periosteum.
Origin, Insertion & Function
Origin: Proximal attachment - Where muscle attaches to the least moveable area of the bones of the axial skeleton - the end of the muscle closest to the torso.
Insertion: Distal attachment - Where muscle attaches to the bone that is moved most - the end of the muscle furthest away from the torso.
Function: Action/motion -What the muscle does when activated
Muscle & tendon injury degrees
First-degree injuries – are mild (least severe). They usually take a short time (a day or a few days) to heal if proper care is taken the moment the injury happens.
Second-degree injuries – are moderate (more severe). They require medical attention and physiotherapy (treatment).
Third-degree injuries – are the most severe and may require surgery and rehabilitation (may take 6 – 12 months to fully repair).
Strains
- Strains (a “pulled” muscle) are associated with muscle.
- They are caused by excessive pulling or twisting on a muscle or tendon.
- They can be “acute” or “chronic.”
Tears
- Tears are associated with muscles, ligaments and tendons.
- When strains remain untreated it can result in a tear in the muscle fibre or tendon.
Acute
Develop quicly and heal quickly
Chronic
Develop slowly and heal slowly
Tendonitis
Typically an overuse injury that causes the tendon to become irritated.
Symptoms:
- Pain or tenderness on the tendon or around the joint.
- Stiffness or pain which restricts movement.
- A strong pull or pain when moving the joint.
- Occasionally, mild swelling, tingling or numbness.
Treatment:
- Rest and avoid movements that aggravate the area.
- Protect the area with a splint, sling or cast.
- Ice
- Oral medication for inflammation
- Physical Therapy
