Use of Hormones for Fertility Control Flashcards
What causes LH and FSH secretion?
Pulsatile GnRH stimulates gonadotroph cells in the anterior pituitary to secrete LH and FSH
What do FSH and LH do?
They stimulate the testes and ovaries to produce testosterone and oestrogen, which inhibit further release of FSH and LH
What do ovaries and testes release in order to inhibit FSH secretion?
inhibin
Why do ovaries and testes release activin?
To selectively promote FSH secretion.
What other structure releases activin to stimulate FSH in a paracrine fashion?
Pituitary gland.
Testosterone secretion is stimulated by?
LH
Sperm production is stimulated by?
Testosterone and FSH
In males, the LH receptor is on the ______ cell, where ______ is synthesised.
leydig
testosterone
In females, the LH receptor is on the ______ cell, where ______ is synthesised and so is ______
thecal
androgen
progesterone
In males, the FSH receptor is on the ______ cell, where _______ is produced
sertoli
sperm
In females, the FSH receptor is on the ______ cell, where _______ is produced by using _______ to convert _______ to estrogen
granulosa
oestrogen
aromatase
androgen
What enzyme converts Androgen to Estrogen?
Aromatase
What are some effects of androgenic hormones in males
- aggressiveness and libido
- enlargement of larynx
- maturation of male genitalia
- muscle development
- male pubic hair
- bone growth
- sperm production
- acne
What are some effects of female sex hormones on females?
- Ovulation and menstruation
- Subcutaneous fat deposition
- Female patter pubic hair
- Breast growth
- Maturation of female genitalia
- Widening of pelvis
- Fair complex
- Bone growth
- Female psyche
What is true precocious puberty in males caused by?
Testicular stimulation by gonadotrophins as a result of hypothalamic or pituitary tumour –> leading to excessive secretion of androgens
What is psuedoprecocious in males puberty caused by?
Ingestion of exogenous androgens, adrenal cortex disorders or an androgen secreting tumour.
What is the difference between true precocious and psuedoprecocious puberty in males?
preco leads to development of secondary sexual characteristic WITH enlargement of the testes and sperm production; pseudo is WITHOUT testicular development or sperm production
How is male precocious puberty (<9 years) treated?
androgen receptor antagonist (e.g. cyproterone acetate) and by removal of the source of hormone secretion
What is true precocious puberty in females caused by?
pulsatile secretion of GnRH from a tumour, resulting in secretion of LH and FSH –> thus oestrogens and progesterone
What is psuedoprecocious in males puberty caused by?
tumour or ingestion of exogenous oestrogens
What is the difference between true precocious and psuedoprecocious puberty in females?
Prec is development of secondary sexual characteristic with menstruation; psuedo is WITHOUT initiation of menstrual cycle.
How is female precocious puberty treated?
Treatment is by removal of the source of the oestrogens.
Name 2 oral female contraceptives
Emergency contraception
Induced abortion
Name 3 non oral female contraceptives
IUD
Vaginal
Implants
