User Interface

Question 1

what are the types of design rules ?

Answer 1

principles, standards, guidelines golden rules and heuristics

Question 2

what are principles ?

Answer 2

• abstract design rules
• low authority
• high generality

Question 3

what are standards ?

Answer 3

• specific design rules
• high authority
• limited application

Question 4

what are guidelines ?

Answer 4

• arise from experience, observation, errors
• lower authority
• qualitative, more general application
• technology independent
• applicable to GUI, VR, AR, natural language

Question 5

what models exist in user interface?

Answer 5

• System model: is how the system actually works
• Interface model: is the model that the system presents to the user through its user interface
• User model: (or conceptual model) is how the user thinks the system works

Question 6

what are Nielsens 10 usability heuristics

Answer 6

1. Visibility of system status
2. Match between the system and the real world
3. User with freedom and control
4. Consistency and standards
5. Error prevention
6. Recognition rather than recall
7. Flexibility and efficiency of use
8. Aesthetic and minimalist design
9. Help users recognize, diagnose and recover from errors
10. Help and documentation

Question 7

what are Shneiderman’s 8 Golden Rules

Answer 7

1. Strive for consistency (~Nielsen #4)
2. Enable frequent users to use shortcuts – universal usability (~Nielsen #7)
3. Offer informative feedback (~Nielsen #1)
4. Design dialogues to yield closure of actions (~Nielsen #1)
5. Offer error prevention and simple error handling (~Nielsen #5, #9)
6. Permit easy reversal of actions (~ Nielsen #3)
7. Keep user in control (~Nielsen #3)
8. Reduce short-term memory load (~Nielsen #6)

Question 8

what are signifiers?

Answer 8

signals of indications that communicate how to use an affordance, providing the necessary cues to ensure the intended use of a design becomes apparent (in example, a panic door has special signifiers in the door handle)

Question 9

what are Norman’s 7 principles

Answer 9

1. Discoverability - make things visible in the interface
2. Provide feedback
3. Exploit the power of constraints (physical, logical, semantic, cultural)
4. Provide coherence with a good conceptual model
5. Get the mappings right
6. Exploit object affordances (6a. Signifiers)
7. Design for errors

Question 10

what are affordances?

Answer 10

they represent the potentials actions that are possible, but don’t necessarily communicate how to perform those actions.

Question 11

what is ux about?

Answer 11

The aim is to create happiness, joy (cool product), to
accomplish, to connect, to create identity, to create sensation, it’s about emotions

Question 12

how are standards set?

Answer 12

they are set by national or international bodies to ensure compliance
by a large community of designers

Question 13

what are the collections of golden rules and heuristics

Answer 13

Nielsen’s 10 heuristics, Shneiderman’s 8 golden rules (equivalents)

Question 14

samples of acessibility guidelines

Answer 14

providing a text equivalent for every non text element, title each frame frame to facilitate identification and navigation