Uses Flashcards by Molly Letizia

4 C antibiotics

Clindamycin
Cephalosporins
Co-amoxiclav
Fluoroquinolones (ciprofloxacin)

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Meningitis

ceftriaxone and IV dexamethasone
+ acyclovir if encephalitis suspected
+ amoxicillin if immunocomprimised or <3mths / >60yrs (listeria cover)

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Contact prophylaxis for meningitis

7 days before onset
Oral ciprofloxacin or rifampicin

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Exacerbation of chronic bronchitis

Amoxicillin or tetracycline or clarithromycin

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Uncomplicated CAP

Amoxicillin (Doxycycline or clarithromycin in penicillin allergic, add flucloxacillin if staphylococci A suspected e.g. In influenza)
Severe - co-amoxiclav +doxycylcline

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Atypical pneumonia

Clarithromycin

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HAP

Within 5 days of admission: co-amoxiclav or cefuroxime
More than 5 days after admission: piperacillin with tazobactam OR a broad-spectrum cephalosporin (e.g. ceftazidime) OR a quinolone (e.g. ciprofloxacin)

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Lower UTI

Trimethoprim or nitrofurantoin. (3/7 days) Alternative: amoxicillin or cephalosporin

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Acute pyelonephritis

Co-trimoxazole or co-amoxiclav
Broad-spectrum cephalosporin or quinolone

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Acute prostatitis

Quinolone or Trimethoprim

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Impetigo

Topical hydrogen peroxide, oral flucloxacillin or erythromycin if widespread

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Cellulitis

Flucloxacillin 5-7 days (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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Orbital cellulitis (near eyes or nose)

IV flucloxacillin, ceftrixone +/- metronidazole

step down = oral co-amoxiclav

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Erysipelas

Flucloxacillin (clarithromycin, erythromycin or doxycycline if penicillin-allergic)

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Animal or human bite

Co-amoxiclav (doxycycline + metronidazole if penicillin-allergic)

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Mastitis during breast-feeding

If symptoms don’t improve after 12-24 hrs then use flucloxacillin or clindamycin

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Throat infections

FeverPAIN >3
Centor criteria
Phenoxymethylpenicillin 5 days (claryth/erythromycin alone if penicillin-allergic)

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Sinusitis

Phenoxymethylpenicillin

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Otitis media

Amoxicillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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Otitis externa

Combined topical antibiotic and corticosteroid (mild/moderate)
Flucloxacillin (erythromycin if penicillin-allergic)

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Periapical or periodontal abscess

Amoxicillin

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Gingivitis: acute necrotising ulcerative

Metronidazole

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Gonorrhoea

Intramuscular ceftriaxone

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Chlamydia

doxycycline 100mg bd (7days) or azithromycin (3days)

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Pelvic inflammatory disease

Oral ofloxacin + oral metronidazole or intramuscular ceftriaxone + oral doxycycline + oral metronidazole

Syphilis

Benzathine benzylpenicillin or doxycycline or erythromycin

Oral or topical metronidazole or topical clindamycin

Clostridioides difficile

First episode: oral vancomycin Second or subsequent episode of infection: oral fidaxomicin

Campylobacter enteritis

Clarithromycin

Salmonella (non-typhoid) or Shigellosis

Ciprofloxacin

Name 3 antibiotics that target RNA synthesis

Rifampicin Ethambutol Isoniazid Pyrazinamide

Tetracyclines

doxycycline, tetracycline

Macrolides

erythromycin azithromycin clarithromycin

Aminoglycosides

gentamycin tobramycin streptomycin

Cephalosporins

cefuroxime ceftriaxone cefacalor

Fluroquinolones

ciprofloxacin levofloxacin gemifloxacin

Rifampicin side effects

orange pee and sweat

Isoniazid side effects

hepatitis and neuropathy

Pyrazinamide side effects

hepatitis and joint pain

Ethambutol side effects

blindness

Gent covers

gram negatives

Metronidazole covers

anaerobes

Penicillin allergic sepsis of unknown origin Abx

IV vancomycin, metronidazole and gentamycin

Endocarditis

amoxicillin + gentamycin

acute native valve endocarditis Abx

flucloxacillin

prosthetic valve / suspected MRSA endocarditis Abx

vancomycin + gentamicin

open fracture prophylaxis Abx

Cefuroxime 1.5g every 8 hrs max 3 days (start within 3 hrs)

Diabetic foot infection

mild - PO flucloxacillin (7days) mod - flucloxacillin + metronidazole (7days)

C Diff

non-severe - metronidazole (10 days) severe - vancomycin +/- metronidazole (10 days)

Recurrent C.Diff infection within 12 wks of positive stool test

Fidaxomicin 10 days

Breast abscess

Flucloxacillin or clindamycin (7-10 days) + drainage

Bacterial conjunctivitis

topical chloramphenicol

Endophthalmitis

intravitreal vancomycin + ceftazidime

doxycycline and tetracycline side effects

hepatoxicity, teeth staining, photosensitivity, dysphagia

macrolides - azithromycin, clarithromycin and erythromycin side effects

GI disturbance, hepatitis and prolonged QT

Enzyme dependent drugs such as … may have reduced clearance by antipsychotics such as carbamazepine

Erythromycin Clarithromycin Isoniazid Metronidazole Ciprofloxacin

Broad spectrum abx can cause…

failure of oral contraceptives - increased INR in warfarin patients

Name 3 antibiotics that target DNA replication

Ciprofloxacin Levofloxacin Metronidazole

Name 2 antibiotics that target folate synthesis

Trimethoprim Sulphonamides (Methotrexate)

Name 3 antibiotics that target protein synthesis

Aminoglycosides (gentamycin, tobramycin, streptomycin) Tetracyclines (doxycyline, tetracycline) Macrolides (Erythromycin, clarythromycin, azithromycin) Clindamycin + Chloramphenicol Linezolid

Name 3 antibiotics that target cell wall synthesis

Penicillins - pen V, amoxicillin, flucloxacillin Cephalosporins - ceftriaxone Carbapenems - meropenem Glycopeptides - vancomycin

Name 3 antibiotics that target RNA synthesis

Rifampicin Ethambutol Isoniazid Pyrazinamide

What antibiotics cause long QT?

Macrolides