Uses of Rhodophyta and Phaeophyceae

Question 1

What are the main steps in the cultivation of Porphyra (Nori)?

Answer 1

1. Hatchery Phase (May-Oct):
   - Production of carpospores
   - Culture of conchocelis on oyster shells
   - Induction of conchospores
   - Settlement on nets
2. Sea Phase (Oct-Apr):
   - Transplanting nets in the sea
   - Foliose thallus growth (35 cm)
   - Use of bioreactors for conchocelis

Question 2

What is the typical cultivation duration for Porphyra (Nori)?

Answer 2

6-12 months

Question 3

What are the uses of Porphyra (Nori)?

Answer 3

Food: Sushi wraps, snacks
Supplements: High nutritional value
Other: Phycoerythrin production

Question 4

What are the optimal growth conditions for Porphyra (Nori)?

Answer 4

20-25°C

Question 5

How is Porphyra (Nori) harvested?

Answer 5

Harvested from nets in the sea

Question 6

What is the commercial and economic impact of Porphyra (Nori)?

Answer 6

Highly commercial with extensive global use in food

Question 7

What are the main steps in the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?

Answer 7

1. Natural Cycle (24 months):
   - Late Autumn: Release of meiospores
   - Dec-Feb: Gametophyte development
   - Two Months Later: Small sporophytes (6mm)
   - 1st Year: Vegetative thallus growth
   - 2nd Year: Thallus growth, sporangial sori production
2. Forced Cultivation (11 months):
   - Collection & settlement of zoospores
   - Seedling production
   - Growing & transplantation
3. Harvesting

Question 8

What is the typical cultivation duration for Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?

Answer 8

11-24 months

Question 9

What are the uses of Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?

Answer 9

• Food: Soups, salads, condiments
• Industrial: Alginates, mannitol, iodine
• Medicinal: Hypothyroidism treatment, antitumor and antiviral activities

Question 10

What are the optimal growth conditions for Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?

Answer 10

not higher than 23°

Question 11

How is Saccharina japonica (Kombu) harvested?

Answer 11

Harvested by tearing from the substrate or from ropes

Question 12

What is the commercial and economic impact of Saccharina japonica (Kombu)?

Answer 12

Largest production in China with significant industrial applications

Question 13

What are the main steps in the cultivation of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?

Answer 13

1. Natural Cycle (Annual):
   - Late Oct-Nov: Gametophyte stage
   - Winter: Fertilization & sporophyte development
   - Spring: Spore production, sporophyte death

2.Cultivation (Annual):
- Gametophyte production in hatcheries
- Sporophyte growth
- Harvesting based on temperature

Question 14

What is the typical cultivation duration for Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?

Answer 14

6-12 months

Question 15

What are the uses of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?

Answer 15

• Food: Salads, soups, snacks
• Supplements: High nutritional value
• Medicinal: Skin, hair, nails health, hypertension, cardiovascular diseases

Question 16

What are the optimal growth conditions for Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?

Answer 16

Optimal temperature 5-15°C

Question 17

How is Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame) harvested?

Answer 17

Harvested based on seawater temperature to prevent rotting

Question 18

What is the commercial and economic impact of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?

Answer 18

• Major production in Korea, significant health supplement market
• hihghly oportunistic, can result in alterations of other ecosystem if it “escapes”

Question 19

What are the main steps in the cultivation of Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?

Answer 19

Natural Collection:
- Harvested from the sea
- Growth in cold waters (<16°C)

Question 20

What is the typical cultivation duration for Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?

Answer 20

varies, depending on region

Question 21

What are the uses of Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?

Answer 21

Food: Direct consumption by local populations
Nutritional: High protein, vitamins, and minerals

Question 22

What are the optimal growth conditions for Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp)?

Answer 22

Cold waters, less than 16°C

Question 23

How is Alaria esculenta (Winged Kelp) harvested?

Answer 23

collected rom natural populations

Question 24

What are the historical uses of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) in Japan and China?

Answer 24

In Japan, it has been used as food and in China as a remedy for goitre (hypothyroidism).

Question 25

When did the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) start in China, and why?

Answer 25

It started in 1951 to meet the increasing demand and reduce the life cycle from 2 years to 1 year.

Question 26

What is the native region of Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame), and how long has it been used as food in Japan?

Answer 26

Native to the Japanese seas and has been used as food for over 700 years.

Question 27

How did the cultivation methods for Porphyra (Nori) improve after Kathleen Drew Baker's discovery?

Answer 27

The discovery allowed for more controlled and systematic cultivation methods, using bioreactors and improved hatchery techniques, resulting in more consistent production.

Question 28

When did the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) start in China, and why?

Answer 28

It started in 1951 to meet the increasing demand and reduce the life cycle from 2 years to 1 year.

Question 29

How has the cultivation of Saccharina japonica (Kombu) improved over time?

Answer 29

Through the use of forced cultivation techniques, zoospore collection, seedling production in greenhouses, and controlled growing conditions, the cultivation period was reduced to 11 months.

Question 30

What improvements have been made in the cultivation methods for Undaria pinnatifida (Wakame)?

Answer 30

Cultivation methods now include controlled gametophyte production in hatcheries, optimized sporophyte growth, and temperature-based harvesting to prevent rotting.