Using Resources

Question 1

What is an alloy?

Answer 1

A metal mixed with another element to make a more useful product

Question 2

Examples of alloys

Answer 2

Steel, brass, bronze

Question 3

What is Bronze an alloy of?

Answer 3

Copper and tin

Question 4

What is Brass an alloy of?

Answer 4

Copper and zinc

Question 5

What is Solder an alloy of?

Answer 5

Zinc and lead

Question 6

What is Amalgam an alloy of?

Answer 6

Mercury and silver or tin

Question 7

How does adding elements to pure gold make it suitable to wear as jewellery?

Answer 7

Pure gold is soft so by adding other elements it’s making it stronger

Question 8

What is Yellow Gold an alloy of?

Answer 8

Gold, copper and silver

Question 9

How is Rose Gold made?

Answer 9

By adding more copper than silver

Question 10

What is White Gold an alloy of?

Answer 10

Gold, nickel and platinum

Question 11

Why is steel stronger than pure iron?

Answer 11

Because some particles are bigger than others it means that when pressure is exerted on one side the atoms don’t slide unlike in pure iron

Question 12

How much carbon does Low Carbon Steel have?

Answer 12

Less than 0.25%

Question 13

How much carbon does High Carbon Steel have?

Answer 13

More than 0.5%

Question 14

What is Stainless Steel?

Answer 14

An alloy of iron that has 11% chronium

Question 15

What is Titanium Steel?

Answer 15

An alloy of iron and titanium

Question 16

What are properties of plastics?

Answer 16

Can be melted, malleable, waterproof, elastic, unreactive

Question 17

What does HDPE stand for?

Answer 17

High Density Polyethene

Question 18

What does LDPE stand for?

Answer 18

Low Density Polyethene

Question 19

What conditions is LDPE formed under?

Answer 19

Very high pressure and traces of oxygen

Question 20

What conditions is HDPE formed under?

Answer 20

Slight pressure, a catalyst and 50 degrees celsius

Question 21

What are the polymer chains like in LDPE?

Answer 21

Randomly branched and cannot pack closely together

Question 22

How are the polymer chains like in HDPE?

Answer 22

Straight and able to pack closely together

Question 23

What are thermosoftening plastics like?

Answer 23

Stretchy, low melting point and weak intermolecular forces

Question 24

What are thermosetting plastics like?

Answer 24

Rigid, high melting point and strong intermolecular forces

Question 25

What is a composite?

Answer 25

A mix of substances

Question 26

What is glass made of?

Answer 26

Sand, limestone and sodium carbonate

Question 27

How is glass made?

Answer 27

1. Raw materials are heated to 1500 degrees celsius and melt 2. They react to form molten glass 3. As it cools, glass turns solid

Question 28

What are properties of clay ceramics?

Answer 28

Hard, brittle, electrical insulators, resistant to chemical attack

Question 29

What are clay ceramics made?

Answer 29

By moulding wet clay into the desired shapes and then heating them in a furnace at 1000 degrees celsius

Question 30

Examples of glass

Answer 30

Borosilicate glass, soda lime glass

Question 31

Examples of ceramics

Answer 31

Bricks, tiles, crockery, bathroom sinks, toilets, baths

Question 32

Examples of composites

Answer 32

Plywood, reinforced concrete, self cleaning glass

Question 33

What is the structure of composites?

Answer 33

Matrix bind particles around each other

Question 34

What is Ammonia?

Answer 34

A source of nitrogen

Question 35

How is Ammonia made?

Answer 35

The Haber Process

Question 36

What is the word equation for making Ammonia?

Answer 36

Nitrogen + hydrogen <——> Ammonia

Question 37

What is the symbol equation for making Ammonia?

Answer 37

N2 + 3H2 <——> 2NH3

Question 38

What are the conditions for the Haber Process?

Answer 38

450 degrees celsius, iron catalyst and pressure of 200 atm

Question 39

Why is the temperature of 450 degrees celsius used during the Haber Process?

Answer 39

It’s a compromise as a lower temperature is needed to favour the forward reaction and to give a higher yield but the rate of reaction is too slow but a higher temperate favours the backward reaction meaning lower yield and a faster rate of reaction

Question 40

Why is the pressure of 200 atm used during the Haber Process?

Answer 40

It’s a compromise as to obtain a high yield you need high pressure which is expensive and dangerous but with a lower pressure the rate of reaction is too slow

Question 41

What are the main elements needed for fertiliser?

Answer 41

Nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium

Question 42

What is Ammonia often converted into?

Answer 42

Nitric acid

Question 43

What is the equation for reacting Ammonia with nitric acid?

Answer 43

Ammonia + Nitric acid —> Ammonium Nitrate | NH3 + HNO3 —> NH4NO3

Question 44

What is the equation for reacting Ammonia with phosphoric acid?

Answer 44

Ammonia + Phosphoric acid —> Ammonium Phosphate | 3NH3 + H3PO4 —> (NH4)3PO4

Question 45

What is the equation for reacting Ammonia with sulphiric acid?

Answer 45

Ammonia + Sulphuric Acid —> Ammonium Sulpharw | 2NH3 + H4SO4 —> (NH4)2SO4

Question 46

What are sources of phosphorus?

Answer 46

Deposits of phosphorus containing rock and which is dug and mined from the ground

Question 47

What can phosphorus be treated with?

Answer 47

Nitric Acid Sulphuric Acid Phosphoric Acid

Question 48

What potassium salts are mined from the ground?

Answer 48

Potassium chloride and potassium sulphate

Question 49

How do you make Ammonium Sulphate fertiliser in the lab?

Answer 49

1. Collect 25cm cubed or Ammonia solution in conical flask using a pipette and filler 2. Add dilute sulphuric acid 1cm cubed at a time using a burette 3. Swirl flask after adding each cm cubed 4. Dip a glass rod in solution then test on a small piece of blue litmus paper on a spotting tile 5. Keep adding acid until litmus paper turns pink 6. Put the neutralised solution in an evaporation basin and heat it on a water bath to get rid of water 7. Wait until half of the mixture is evaporated 8. Leave remaining solution to evaporate