Using Resources

Question 1

What is most of the glass we use called

Answer 1

Soda - lime glass

Question 2

How is soda-lime glass made

Answer 2

Heating a mixture of sand, sodium carbonate and limestone

Question 3

What is borosilicate

Answer 3

A glass made of sand and boron trioxide

Question 4

Why may borosilicate be used instead of soda lime glass

Answer 4

It has a higher melting point

Question 5

How are clay ceramics made

Answer 5

Shaping wet clay and then heating

Question 6

What does the properties of polymers depend on

Answer 6

The monomer units
Size of the chains
Molecular structure and density

Question 7

What are thermosetting polymers

Answer 7

Polymers that contain strong covalent bonds between layers

Question 8

What are thermosoftening polymers

Answer 8

Polymers that are easy to separate

Question 9

What are the properties of thermosetting polymers

Answer 9

Hard plastics
High melting point

Question 10

What are are the properties of thermosoftening polymers

Answer 10

Soft plastics
Low melting point

Question 11

Explain how potable water is produced from fresh water

Answer 11

Choose an appropriate source of water
Pass through filter beds
Sterilise to destroy harmful microbes

Question 12

What do humans use resources for

Answer 12

Warmth,shelter, food and transport

Question 13

What are finite resources used for

Answer 13

Their materials and energy 

Question 14

What is essential for life

Answer 14

Water of appropriate quality

Question 15

What should drinking water contain for human consumption

Answer 15

Sufficiently low levels of dissolved salts and microbes

Question 16

What is potable water

Answer 16

Water that is safe to drink

Question 17

What does the methods used to produce potable water depend upon

Answer 17

The availability of water and local conditions

Question 18

What does the rain in the UK provide

Answer 18

Water with a low levels of dissolving substances that connect in the ground, lakes and rivers

Question 19

How is potable water produced

Answer 19

Choosing an appropriate source of water
Passing the water through filter beds
Sterilising

Question 20

What sterilising agents can be used for potable water

Answer 20

Chlorine
ozone
ultraviolet light

Question 21

What may be required of supplies of freshwater are limited

Answer 21

Desalination of salty water or seawater

Question 22

How can desalination be carried out

Answer 22

Through distillation or reverse osmosis 

Question 23

What’s the disadvantages of desalination

Answer 23

They require large amounts of energy

Question 24

What is wastewater produced by

Answer 24

Urban lifestyles and industrial processes

Question 25

What does waste water need before being released into the environment

Answer 25

Treating

Question 26

What does sewage and agricultural waste water require removal of

Answer 26

Organic matter and harmful microbes

Question 27

Industrial waste requires the removal of

Answer 27

Organic matter and harmful chemicals

Question 28

What does sewage treatment include

Answer 28

- Screening and grit removal - sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent - Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge - Aerobic biological treatment of effluent

Question 29

What are the methods of extracting low-grade ores

Answer 29

Bioleaching and phytomining

Question 30

What do the new ways of extracting low-grade ores avoid

Answer 30

Traditional mining methods of digging and moving and disposing amounts of rock

Question 31

Describe phytomining

Answer 31

- Plants absorb the metal compounds - plants are harvested and then burnt to produce ash that contains metal compounds

Question 32

Describe bioleaching

Answer 32

Bacteria produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds that can be processed to obtain the metal

Question 33

What do life-cycle assessments do

Answer 33

Assess the environmental impact of products

Question 34

What are the four stages of the life-cycle assessment

Answer 34

- Extracting and processing raw materials - Manufacturing and packaging - Use an operation during its lifetime - Disposal at the end of its useful life including transport and distribution

Question 35

What’s the disadvantages of life-cycle assessments

Answer 35

Allocate numerical values to pollutant affects it’s not very straightforward and requires value judgements

Question 36

What is Corrosion 

Answer 36

The destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

Question 37

What is rusting

Answer 37

An example of corrosion which only applies to iron

Question 38

What is required for iron to rust

Answer 38

Air and water

Question 39

How can corrosion be prevented

Answer 39

Applying a coating that acts as a barrier such as grease paint or electroplating

Question 40

How was aluminium prevented from corrosion

Answer 40

Aluminium has an oxide coating

Question 41

What does coating a more reactive substance provide

Answer 41

Sacrificial protection

Question 42

What is an example of sacrificial protection

Answer 42

Galvanising zinc with iron

Question 43

What is Bronze an alloy of

Answer 43

Copper and tin

Question 44

What is brass and alloy of

Answer 44

Copper and zinc

Question 45

What is gold alloyed with in jewellery

Answer 45

Silver copper and zinc

Question 46

What is the proportion of gold measured in

Answer 46

Carats

Question 47

What is steel alloys of

Answer 47

Iron with specific amounts of carbon and other metals

Question 48

What are the properties of high carbon steel

Answer 48

Strong but brittle

Question 49

What are the properties of low carbon steel

Answer 49

Softer and more easily shaped

Question 50

What does stainless steel contain

Answer 50

Chromium and nickel which are resistant to corrosion

Question 51

What are the properties of aluminium alloys

Answer 51

Low density