Using Resources

Question 1

What is most of the glass we use called

Answer 1

Soda - lime glass

Question 2

How is soda-lime glass made

Answer 2

Heating a mixture of sand, sodium carbonate and limestone

Question 3

What is borosilicate

Answer 3

A glass made of sand and boron trioxide

Question 4

Why may borosilicate be used instead of soda lime glass

Answer 4

It has a higher melting point

Question 5

How are clay ceramics made

Answer 5

Shaping wet clay and then heating

Question 6

What does the properties of polymers depend on

Answer 6

The monomer units
Size of the chains
Molecular structure and density

Question 7

What are thermosetting polymers

Answer 7

Polymers that contain strong covalent bonds between layers

Question 8

What are thermosoftening polymers

Answer 8

Polymers that melt when heated

Question 9

What are the properties of thermosetting polymers

Answer 9

Hard plastics
High melting point

Question 10

What are are the properties of thermosoftening polymers

Answer 10

Soft plastics
Low melting point

Question 11

Explain how potable water is produced from fresh water

Answer 11

Choose an appropriate source of water
Pass through filter beds
Sterilise to destroy harmful microbes

Question 12

What do humans use resources for

Answer 12

Warmth,shelter, food and transport

Question 13

What should drinking water contain for human consumption

Answer 13

Sufficiently low levels of dissolved salts and microbes

Question 14

What is potable water

Answer 14

Water that is safe to drink

Question 15

What does the rain in the UK provide

Answer 15

Water with a low levels of dissolving substances that connect in the ground, lakes and rivers

Question 16

How is potable water produced

Answer 16

Choosing an appropriate source of water
Passing the water through filter beds
Sterilising

Question 17

What sterilising agents can be used for potable water

Answer 17

Chlorine
ozone
ultraviolet light

Question 18

What may be required of supplies of freshwater are limited

Answer 18

Desalination of salty water or seawater

Question 19

How can desalination be carried out

Answer 19

Through distillation or reverse osmosis 

Question 20

What’s the disadvantages of desalination

Answer 20

They require large amounts of energy

Question 21

What is wastewater produced by

Answer 21

Urban lifestyles and industrial processes

Question 22

What does waste water need before being released into the environment

Answer 22

Treating

Question 23

What does sewage and agricultural waste water require removal of

Answer 23

Organic matter and harmful microbes

Question 24

Industrial waste requires the removal of

Answer 24

Organic matter and harmful chemicals

Question 25

What does sewage treatment include

Answer 25

- Screening and grit removal - sedimentation to produce sewage sludge and effluent - Anaerobic digestion of sewage sludge - Aerobic biological treatment of effluent

Question 26

What are the methods of extracting low-grade ores

Answer 26

Bioleaching and phytomining

Question 27

What do the new ways of extracting low-grade ores avoid

Answer 27

Traditional mining methods of digging and moving and disposing amounts of rock

Question 28

Describe phytomining

Answer 28

- Plants absorb the metal compounds - plants are harvested and then burnt to produce ash that contains metal compounds

Question 29

Describe bioleaching

Answer 29

Bacteria produce leachate solutions that contain metal compounds that can be processed to obtain the metal

Question 30

What do life-cycle assessments do

Answer 30

Assess the environmental impact of products

Question 31

What are the four stages of the life-cycle assessment

Answer 31

- Extracting and processing raw materials - Manufacturing and packaging - Use an operation during its lifetime - Disposal at the end of its useful life including transport and distribution

Question 32

What is Corrosion 

Answer 32

The destruction of materials by chemical reactions with substances in the environment

Question 33

What is rusting

Answer 33

An example of corrosion which only applies to iron

Question 34

What is required for iron to rust

Answer 34

Air and water

Question 35

How can corrosion be prevented

Answer 35

Applying a coating that acts as a barrier such as grease paint or electroplating

Question 36

How was aluminium prevented from corrosion

Answer 36

Aluminium has an oxide coating

Question 37

What does coating a more reactive substance provide

Answer 37

Sacrificial protection

Question 38

What is an example of sacrificial protection

Answer 38

Galvanising zinc with iron

Question 39

What is Bronze an alloy of

Answer 39

Copper and tin

Question 40

What is brass and alloy of

Answer 40

Copper and zinc

Question 41

What is gold alloyed with in jewellery

Answer 41

Silver copper and zinc

Question 42

What is the proportion of gold measured in

Answer 42

Carats

Question 43

What is steel an alloy of

Answer 43

Iron with specific amounts of carbon and other metals

Question 44

What are the properties of high carbon steel

Answer 44

Strong but brittle

Question 45

What are the properties of low carbon steel

Answer 45

Softer and more easily shaped

Question 46

What does stainless steel contain

Answer 46

Chromium and nickel which are resistant to corrosion

Question 47

What are the properties of aluminium alloys

Answer 47

Low density

Question 48

What are the raw materials of the Haber process?

Answer 48

nitrogen and ammonia

Question 49

Where do they get the Nitrogen from for the Haber process?

Answer 49

the air

Question 50

Where do they get the hydrogen from for the Haber process?

Answer 50

methane

Question 51

What are the conditions for the Haber process?

Answer 51

Iron catalyst 450oC 200atm pressure

Question 52

How is the ammonia produced in the Haber process removed?

Answer 52

Cooled and liquified

Question 53

What happens to left over hydrogen and nitrogen in the Haber process?

Answer 53

Recycled back through the process

Question 54

Which compounds are used as fertilisers?

Answer 54

Those containing nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium

Question 55

What 2 things are made using ammonia in the manufacture of fertilisers?

Answer 55

ammonium salts Nitric acid

Question 56

What 2 potassium salts are obtained by mining?

Answer 56

Potassium chloride and potassium sulfate

Question 57

How is phosphate rock treated so that it can be used as a fertiliser?

Answer 57

Reacted with nitric acid or sulfuric acid to make soluble salts

Question 58

What salt is made when phosphate rock reacts with nitric acid?

Answer 58

Calcium nitrate

Question 59

What salt is made when phosphate rock reacts with sulfuric acid?

Answer 59

Single super phosphate

Question 60

What salt is made when phosphate rock reacts with phosphoric acid?

Answer 60

Triple super phosphate