USMLE 1 Rapid Review Flashcards by Constance Ohlinger

Abdominal pain, ascites, hepatomegaly

Budd-Chiari syndrome (posthepatic venous thrombosis)

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Achilles tendon xantoma

Familial hypercholesterolemia (dec LDL receptor signaling)

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Adrenal hemorrhage, hypotension, DIC

Waterhouse-Friedrichsen syndrome (meningococcemia)

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Arachnodactyly, lens dislocation, aortic dissection, hyperflexible joint

Marfans syndrome (fibrillin defect)

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Athlete with polycythemia

EPO injection

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Back pain, fever, night sweats, weight loss

Pitt’s disease (vertebral tuberculosis)

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Bilateral hilar adenopathy, uveitis

Sarcoidosis (non-caseating granulomas)

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Blue sclera

Osteogenesis imperfecta (type 1 collagen defect)

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Bluish line on gingiva

Burton’s line (lead poisoning)

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Bone pain, bone enlargement, arthritis

Paget’s disease of bone (increased osteoblastic activity and osteoclastic activity, Mosaic lamellar bone)

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Bounding pulse, diastolic heart murmur, head bobbing

Aortic regurg

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Butterfly facial rash, Rayauds in a young female

SLE

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Cafe au last spots, Lisch nodules (iris hamartoma), unilateral fibromas with spindle cells

Neurofibromatosis type 1 (+pheocromocytoma, optic gliomas)

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Calf pseudohypertrophy

Muscular dystrophy, (MC Duchenne’s): X-linked recessive deletion of the dystrophin gene

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“Cherry red” spot on macula

Tay Sachs (ganglioside accumulation, hexosaminidase A deficiency) or Neimann-Pick, central retinal artery occlusion

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Chest pain on exertion

Angina (stable/unstable)

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Chest pain, pericardial effusion/friction rub, persistent fever following MI

Dressler’s syndrome (AI post-MI fibrous pericarditis 1-12 wks after episode)

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Child uses arms to stand up

Gower’s sign (Duchenne Musc dystrophy)

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Child with fever later develops red rash on face that spreads to body

“Slapped cheeks” (erythema infectious/ 5th disease, Parvo19)

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Rash that starts on face, moves to body

Rubella (German measles, RNA Rubella Virus)

Measles (Rubeola)

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Chorea, dementia, caudate degeneration

Huntington’s disease (autosomal dominant CAG repeat expansion)

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Cold intolerance

hypothyroidism

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Continuous “machinery” heart murmur

PDA

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Cutaneous/dermal edema due to connective tissue deposition

Myxedema (dt hypothyroidism, Grave’s disease…)

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Dark purple skin/mouth nodules

Kaposi's sarcoma (AIDS assoc, HHV-8)

Deep, labored breathing/hyperventilation in a diabetic

Kussmaul breathing (diabetic ketoacidosis)

Dermatitis, dementia, diarrhea

Pellagra (B3, Niacin deficiency)

Dilated cardiomyopathy, edema, alcoholism or malnutrition

Wet beriberi (B1, Thiamine deficiency)

Dog or cat bite related infection

Pasteurella multocida cellulitis

Dry eyes, dry mouth, arthritis

Sjogrens syndrome

Dysphagia (esophageal webs), glossitis, iron deficiency anemia

Plummer-Vinson syndrome (may progress to esophageal squamous cell Ca)

Elastic skin, hyper mobility of joints

Ehler's Danlos syndrome (Type III collagen deficiency)

Enlarged, hard left supraclavicular node

Virchows node (abdominal metastasis)

Erythroderma, lymphadenopathy, hepatosplenomegaly, atypical T cells

Sezary syndrome (cutaneous T cell lymphoma or mycosis fungoides

Facial muscle spasm on tapping

Chvostek's sign (hypocalcemia)

Fever, chills, HA, myalgia following antibiotic treatment for syphilis

Jarisch-Herxheimer reaction

Fever, cough, conjunctivitis, coryza, diffuse rash

Measles (morbillivirus)

Fever, night sweats, weight loss

B symptoms of lymphoma

Fibrous plaques on soft tissue of the penis

Peyronie's disease

Gout, mental retardation, self-mutilation behavior on a boy

Lesch-Nyhan syndrome (HGPRT deficiency, X-linmked recessive)

Green-yellow rings around peripheral cornea

Kayser-Fleischer rings (Wilson's disease, copper accumulation)

Hamartomatous, GI polyps, hyper pigmentation of mouth, feet, hands

Peutz-Jeghers syndrome (inherited, benign polyposis, can --> bowel obstruction, inc cancer risk, esp GI

Hyperreflexia, hypertonia, Babinski sign present

UMN damage

Hyporeflexia, hypotonia, atrophy, fasciculations

LMN damage

Hypoxemia, polycythemia, hypercapnia

"Blue bloater" Chronic bronchitis

Indurated, ulcerated genital lesion

Nonpainful: chancre, syphilis | Painful, with exudate: chancroid, H. ducreyi

Infant with cleft lip/palate, microcephaly or holoproscencephaly, polydactyly, cutis aplasia

patau's syndrome (trisomy 13)

Failure to thrive, hepatosplenomegaly, neurodegeneration

Niemann-Pick disease (genetic sphingomyelinase deficiency)

Hypoglycemia, failure to thrive, hepatomegaly

Cori's disease

Infant microcephaly, rocker-bottom feet, clenched hands and structural heart defect

Edwards syndrome (trisomy 18)

Jaundice, palpable distended non-tender gall-bladder

Courvosier's sign (distal obstruction of biliary tree)

Large rash with bulls-eye appearance

Erythema migrans (lyme)

Lucid interval after traumatic brain injury

Epidural hematoma (MMA rupture)

Male child, recurrent infections, no mature B-cells

Bruton's disease (X-linked agammaglobulinemia)

Muffled heart sounds, distended neck veins, hypotension

Becks trade of cardiac tamponade

Multiple colon polyps osteomas/soft tissue tumors, impacted/supernumerary teeth

Gardner's syndrome (FAP subtype)

Myopathy (infantile hypertrophic cardiomyopathy), exercise intolerance

Pope's disease

No lactation postpartum, absent menstruation, cold intolerance

Sheehans syndrome pituitary infarction

Nystagmus, intention tremor, scanning speech, bilateral internuclear ophthalmoplegia

Multiple sclerosis

Oscillating slow/fast breathing

Cheyne-Stokes respirations (central apnea CHF or increased cranial pressure)

Painful blue fingers/toes, hemolytic anemia

Cold agglutination disease (AI hemolytic anemia caused by mycoplasma pneumonia or Mono)

Painful pale, cold fingers/toes

Raynauds

Painful, raised red lesions on pad of fingers/toes

Osler's nodes (Infective endocarditis, immune complex deposition)

Painless erythematous lesions on palms/soles

Janeway lesions (infective endocarditis, septic emboli/microabscesses

Painless jaundice

cancer of the pancreatic head obstructing the bile duct

Palpable purpura on buttocks/legs, joint pain, abdominal pain, hematuria (in a child)

Henoch-Schoenlein purpura (IgA vasculitis affecting skin and kidneys)

Pancreatic, pituitary, parathyroid tumors

MEN I

Periorbital / Peripheral edema, proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hypercholesterolemia

Nephrotic syndrome

Pink complexion, dyspnea, hyperventilation

"pink puffer" Emphysema, centriacinar (smoking), panacean (alpha-antitrypsin deficiency)

Polyuria, renal tubular acidosis type II, growth failure, electrolyte imbalances, hypophosphatemic rickets

Fanconi's syndrome

Positive anterior drawer sign

ACL tear

Pruritic, purple, polygona planar papules and plaques

Lichen planus

Ptosis, miosis, anhidrosis

Horner's syndrome

Pupil accommodates but doesn't react

Argyll Robertson pupil/ neurosyphilis

Rapidly progressive leg weakness that ascends following GI/ URI

GBS

Rash on palms and soles

Coxsackie A, secondary syphilis, Rocky mountain spotted fever (Rickettsia rickettsii)

Red "currant jelly" sputum in alcoholic or diabetic patients

Klebsiella pneumonia

Red "currant jelly" stools

Acute mesenteric ischemia (adults) | Intussusception (infants)

Red, itchy, swollen rash of nipple/ areola

Paget's disease of the breast

Red urine in the morning, fragile RBCs

Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Renal cell carcinoma (bilateral), hemangioblastomas, angiomatosis, pheochromocytoma

von hippel-lindau disease

Resting tremor, rigidity, akinesia, postural instability

Parkinson

Retinal hemorrhages with pale centers

Roth spots (bacterial endocarditis)

Severe RLQ pain with palpation of LLQ

Rovings sign (acute appendicitis)

Severe RLQ pain with rebound tenderness

Mcburneys sign (acute appendicitis)

Short stature, increased incidence of tumors, leukemia, aplastic anemia

Fanconi's anemia (genetic loss of DNA repair, often progresses to AML)

Single palmar crease

Down syndrome

Situs inversus, chronic sinusitis, bronchiectasis, infertility

Kartagener's syndrome (dyne arm defect affecting cilia)

Skin hyper pigmentation, hypotension, fatigue

Addison disease (inc ACTH)

Small irregular red spots on buccal/lingual mucosa with blue-white centers

Koplik spots (measles, rubeola virus)

Condyloma lata

syphilis

Splinter hemorrhages in fingernails

bacterial endocarditis

"strawberry tongue"

scarlet fever, Kawasaki disease, TSS

Streak ovaries, congenital heart disease, horseshoe kidney, cystic hygroma at birth, short stature, webbed neck, lymphedema

turner syndrome (45, XO)

swollen gums, mucosal bleeding, poor wound healing, spots on skin

scurvy (Vit C deficiency)

Systolic ejection murmur

Aortic stenosis

Thyroid, parathyroid tumors, pheochromocytoma

MEN 2A

Thryoid tumors, pheochromocytoma, ganglioneuromatosis

MEN 2B

Urethritis, Conjunctivitis, arthritis

reactive arthritis associated with HLA-B27

Vomiting blood following esophageal laceration

Mallory-Weiss syndrome

Worst headache of one's life

subarachnoid hemorrhage

HLA-B27

AS, Reiter's, UC, psoriasis

HLADR3/ DR4

DM type 1, RA, SLE

Tetralogy of Fallot

VSD, Pulm. stenosis, RV hypertrophy, dextroposed aorta

USMLE 1 Rapid Review Flashcards

(104 cards)