usmle 2 Flashcards
(49 cards)
a) Mitral Stenosis?
b) PMHx?
c) Jones Criteria for Rheumatic Fever?
d) Sound?
e) Tx?
a) Narrowing between LA –> LV
b)Rheumatic fever (Strep Pyogenes, inc. ASO), A-Fib, SOB
c) Major (polyarthritis, Carditis, Erythema Marginatum, Sydernhams chorea)
Minor ( Fever, Arthrlagia, inc. ESR/CRP)
d)Diastolic Murmur, Rumble w/ open snap.
e) dec. Preload, Balloon Valvotomy
a) Aortic Stenosis?
b) Pt present?
c) Sound?
d) Tx?
a) Narrowing b/w aortic valve and systemic
b) Old man with calcification of valve, bicuspid valve, Chest pain, SOB
c) Crescendo-Decresendo Systolic Murmur
d) Valve replace, dec preload
a) Mitral Regurg/Insufficiency?
b) Pt present?
c) Dx?
d) Tx?
a) blood reflux from ventricle to atria (inc atrial stretch), due to loose valve
b) papillary/chordae rupture, endocarditis
c) Holosystolic murmur @ apex, and radiates to axilla
d) replace valve
a) Aortic Insufficiency?
b) Pt. Present?
c) Dx?
d) Tx
a) Reflux to ventricle causing dilation
b) Floppy valve 2/2 ischemia (MI), infection (endocarditis), Dissection (marfan)
c) Diastolic decrescendo
d) Valve replace
HTN Urgency/Crisis?
BP: >180/110 w/o organ damage
Rx w/ PO meds (hydralazine)
HTN Emergency?
BP: >180/120 w/ organ damage such as stroke, MI, LOC, N/V, papilledema, inc ICP
Rx: IV meds (labetalol)
Pheochomocytoma?
tumor of the adrenal medulla that causes Paroxysmal spells of HTN, sweating, pain,
Dx Urine VMAs and metanephrine
Rx alpha block then beta block then surgery
a) Minimal Change Disease?
b) characteristics?
c) Rx?
a) common nephropathy for <18y.o.
b) proteinuria, sudden edema, hypoalbumin and hyperlipid
c) treat with steroids
a) Tamoxifen?
b) use?
c) risk?
a) estrogen antagonist at breast, estrogen agonist at endometrium, agonist at osteoclast
b) hormone sensitive breast ca, dec osteoporosis
c) endometrial ca, uterine sarcoma
Essential Tremor Rx
Propranolol
a) Pagets Dz of bone (osteitis deformans)?
b) pt. presents?
a) inc osteoclasts (inc bone resorption) leads to inc osteoblasts (inc rebuilding)
b) inc head size (hat no longer fits), headaches, hearing loss,
A) Myasthenia Gravis?
b) Pt. present?
C) Rx?
a) autoantibodies on nicotinic Ach receptor in motor end plate,
B) “fatigue”, progressive weakness of muscles (chewing, blink, talk, swallow)
C) Anti-cholinesterases (pyridostigmine, neostigmine), Edrophonium (Dx)
McCune Albright
Precocious puberty, Cafe au lait spots, polyostic bone dysplasia (multi-bone fractures)
Peutz-Jegher syndrome
GI tract polyposis, mucocutaneous pigmentation,
Sturge-Weber
Port-wine stain over trigeminal area, MR, seizures, visual impairment
Deferoxamine
Iron overdose antidote
Sodium Bicarb
ASA and TCA OD
Calcium EDTA
Lead chelator
NAC
acetominophen tox
epididymis
connects efferent ducts from the rear of each testicle to its vas deferens
Round ligament (uterus)
leaves pelvis via deep inguinal ring and passes through inguinal canal on to the labia majora and mix with the tissue of the mons pubis
Cardinal Ligament
contains uterine artery and vein
attaches cervix to lateral pelvic wall
Broad ligament
connects uterus to the walls and floor of the pelvis`
4 signs of arthritis
Osteophyte form
Joint space narrowing
Subchondral cysts
Subchondral sclerosis
