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Microbiology > USMLE Step I Microbiology > Flashcards

USMLE Step I Microbiology Flashcards

1
Q

List 3 bacteria which stains silver

A
  1. Legionella
  2. Fungi (Pneumocystis)
  3. H. pylori
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2
Q

Which microbe is too thin to be visualized by gram staining?

A

Treponema

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3
Q

Which microbe stains with India Pink?

A

Cryptococcus neoformans

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4
Q

Which microbes stain with carbon fuchsin?

A

Acid-fast bacteria: AKA Ziehl-Neelsen

  1. Nocardia
  2. Mycobacterium
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5
Q

Which stain is used to diagnose Whipple Disease?

A

PAS (periodic acid-schiff):

  • Tropheryma whipplei
  • Stains glycogen, mucopolysaccharides.
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6
Q

Which 5 microbes are stained with Giemsa?

A
  1. Chlamydia
  2. Borrelia
  3. Rickettsiae (intracellular parasite)
  4. Trypanosomes
  5. Plasmodium

Certain Bugs Really Try my Patience

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7
Q

List 3 obligate aerobes

A
  1. M. tuberculosis
  2. P. aeruginosa (burn wounds, diabetic ulcers, nosocomial pneumonia, cystic fibrosis)
  3. Nocardia
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8
Q

List 3 obligate anaerobes

A
  1. Clostridium
  2. Bacteriodes
  3. Actinomyces
  • Foul smelling, produce gas in tissue
  • Lack superoxide dismutase and catalase. Thus are prone to O2 radicals.
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9
Q

Which antibiotic is ineffective against obligate anaerobes? Why?

A

Aminoglycosides. Because they require O2 to enter in the bacterial cell.

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10
Q

Individuals without spleens are most susceptible to what 3 microbes?

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. H. influenza
  3. N. meningitidis

Because such individuals have low opsonizing ability, without spleen clearance.

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11
Q

Which 7 bacteria are encapsulated (anti-phagocytic and hence low opsonization…need spleen clearance!)?

A
  1. S. pneumoniae
  2. H. influenza
  3. N. meningitidis
  4. E. coli
  5. Salmonella
  6. K. pneumonia
  7. Group B strep

Antigen in vaccines are from capsule + protein conjugate

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12
Q

Which bacteria have catalase as a virulence factor?

A
  1. Pseudomonas
  2. Listeria
  3. Aspergillus
  4. Candida
  5. E. coli
  6. S. aureus
  7. Serratia
  • Catalase degrades H2O2.
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13
Q

Which individuals have recurrent infections with catalase bacteria?

A

chronic granulomatous disease (NADPH oxidase deficiency)

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14
Q

red microbe

A

Serratia marcescens

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15
Q

yellow sulfur granules microbe

A

Actinomyces israeli

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16
Q

Yellow microbe

A

S. aureus

17
Q

Blue-green microbe

A

Pseudomonas aeruginosa

18
Q

What is the virulence factor for S. aureus?

A

Protein A

- Binds Fc region of IgG. Prevents opsonization.

19
Q

What is the virulence factor for S. pneumonia, H. influenza, Neisseria?

A

IgA protease

- Uses it to colonized respiratory mucosa

20
Q

What is the virulence factor for Strep. Group A?

A

M protein

- Prevents phagocytosis

Microbiology (1 decks)

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