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Flashcards in USMLE World Deck (19)
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0
Q

What drug is angioedema associated with?

A

ACE inhibitors

1
Q

What is the most serious and fatal toxicity of digoxin?

A

Ventricular tachyarrythmias

Others include nausea, anorexia, and color vision changes

2
Q

What are the cardiac meds with a negative chronotropic effect?

A

Beta blockers, non-DHP CCBs, cardiac glycosides, amiodarone and sotalol, cholinergic agonists (pilocarpine, rivastigmine)

3
Q

What are the commonly used drugs for MRSA?

A

Vancomycin, daptomycin, linezolid

4
Q

What are the “hyper” and “hypo” side effects of thiazides?

A

Hyper: uricemia, calcemia, glycemia, lipidemia
Hypo: tension, kalemia

5
Q

What drugs can cause Lupus-like syndromes?

A

Hydralazine, procainamide, quinidine, isoniazid, minocycline

6
Q

Dobutamine

A

Relatively selective B1 agonist, some B2 and a1. Increases HR, contractility, conduction velocity, and myocardial O2 consumption.

Used for acute heart failure w/decreased myocardial contractility (cardiogenic shock)

7
Q

What is the cardiac toxicity of daunorubicin?

A

-rubicins = anthracyclines. Dilated cardiomyopathy. Prevented with dexrazoxane.

Other toxicities include myelosuppresion, alopecia.

8
Q

Tx for a-fib

A

First line = CCBs or b-blockers

Second line = glycosides

9
Q

What is a good antihypertensive for a pt with prolonged AV conduction time?

A

Want something that will cause peripheral vasodilation and reflex tachycardia. DHP CCBs that are most effective in vascular smooth muscle such as nifiedipine

10
Q

Best aspirin alternative for angina with aspirin allergy

A

Clopidogrel (also synergistic with aspirin)
Blocks ADP receptors for platelet activation and aggregation
Prevent’s thromboembolic disease

11
Q

Drug of choice for paroxysmal supraventricular tachycardia, and common side effects

A

Adenosine; side effects include flushing, chest burning, hypotension, AV block

12
Q

Drug that can cause both bradycardia and prolong QT interval

A

Solatol - beta blocking causes bradycardia (prolongs PR), class 3 properties prolong QT

13
Q

Antiarrythmics that prolong qt interval

A

Class 1a and class 3

14
Q

Which antiarrythmics preferentially affect ischemic cardiac tissue, and thus are good for MI?

A

Class 1b: lidocaine, tocainide, mexiletine

15
Q

What is the intracellular consequence of nitrates at the target tissues?

A

NO –> increased cGMP –> deceased intracellular [Ca2+] –> decreased activity of MLCK –> dephosphorylation of myosin light chains

16
Q

Why must there be a “nitrate free” daily interval when dosing?

A

Nitrate tolerance develops rapidly. Normally this period is timed to night, when cardiac work is least.

17
Q

What is the effect of phosphodiesterase 3 inhibitors?

A

Increase cAMP, which causes increased cardiac contractility and vasodilation.

18
Q

What is Ebstein’s anomaly and what causes it?

A

Apical displacement of tricuspid valve leaflets, decreased RV volume, atrialization of RV

Caused by exposure to lithium in utero