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USSO FINAL Flashcards

(55 cards)

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1
Q

Rockefeller

A
  • Major Gilded Age figure
  • Specialized in industry of oil
  • Standard Oil Company
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2
Q

Vanderbilt

A
  • Major Gilded Age figure
  • Specialized in Transportation (railroads and steamships)
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3
Q

Carnegie

A
  • Major Gilded Age figure
  • Specialized in industry of steel
  • Carnegie Steel Corporation (largest steel manufacture)
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4
Q

Andrew Johnson

A
  • 17th president of the US
  • Opposed radical republicans who passed reconstruction acts through veto
  • 1st US president to be impeached
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5
Q

Tecumseh

A

Shawnee leader that was against US expansion/white settlers taking over native land. Rallies native tribes to defend their homeland.

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6
Q

John Adams

A

2nd President
1st VP
Responsible for the passing of the Alien and Sedition Act
Prevented an all out war with France after the XYZ affairs

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7
Q

James Madison

A
  • 4th President
  • Helped write the federalist papers
  • Secretary of State under Jefferson

-> Marbury vs. Madison which established the principle of Judicial Review and gave the Supreme Court the power to declare laws unconstitutional

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8
Q

Hartford Convention

A

Formed by Federalists (in New England) that greatly opposed the war and held a meeting called the Hartford Convention where they express their disagreements with this war and threatened to secede from the Union over this disagreement.

Significance: Led to the demise of the Federalist government

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9
Q

Compromise of 1850

A

Admitted California to be a free state and allowed newly acquired territories (acquired through the treaty of guadalupe-hidalgo), like Utah and New Mexico, to decide if they wanted to be a slave state or not through the concept of “popular sovereignty”

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10
Q

Manifest Destiny

A

The idea that GOD destined the US/white Americans to conquer the territories of North America from sea to shining sea.

  • This philosophy was used to justify the forceful removal of Native Americans from their lands.
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11
Q

Compromise 1820

A
  • Missouri would enter as a slave state
  • Maine would enter as a free state.
  • Slavery would not be allowed north of the 36 30 parallel in the rest of the Lousiana Purchase.
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12
Q

Compromise 1877

A

Formal end to reconstruction

  • Democrats agreed to Rutherford Hayes being the winner and become the president .
  • Republicans agreed to remove all federal troops from the South
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13
Q

16th amendment

A

Allowed Congress to lay and collect income tax

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14
Q

19th amendment

A

women have the right to vote

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15
Q

Jim Crow Laws

A

AFTER RECONSTRUCTION: Enforced racial segregation and further limited Black citizens’ rights in the late 19th century to the mid-20th century.

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16
Q

Black codes

A

Enacted right after the Civil War, it aimed to control formerly enslaved people (ex, literacy tests, grandfather clause, poll tax). With the 3/5 compromise gone and the introduction of the black codes, it gave southerners more power.

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17
Q

Freedmen Bureau Act

A

An agency set up to help newly freed black (and impoverished whites) in the south people get on their feet and transition into society by providing clothing, medical care, and educational opportunities.

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18
Q

Civil Rights Act of 1866

A

Protected the citizenship of black people and gave them equal protection under the law.

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19
Q

Why did the Draft Riots happen

A

Low-wage workers (the majority of them being Irish) were upset because they believed Lincoln wanted them to enlist so they could free Black Men and black men could take their jobs or get better jobs. This racist projection led to the Draft Riots, which were a period of week-long rioting where they burned draft offices and engaged in violence towards people, particularly police officers and black people.

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20
Q

Lousiana Purchase

A

Led to disputes on representation in the government, mainly surrounding who is and isn’t a slave state. This is a problem because if there are more non-slave states than slave states, there will be an imbalance of power, and policies, legislations, etc., would be blocked by that majority.

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21
Q

Treaty of Guadalupe-Hidalgo

A
  • US gets Colorado, Arizona, Utah, Nevada, New Mexico, and California
  • Led to the idea of Manifest Destiny
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22
Q

Kansas-Nebraska

A

Divided the territory above the 36 30 parallel into Kansas and Nebraska, and it would be up to them to determine whether they would allow slavery through popular sovereigntyl

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23
Q

Lincoln wanted to preserve the Union (intially)

Study These Flashcards
A

because if the South seceded it will show other states to secede because they disagree with something the government does. This would be bad because then states would turn into countries.

24
Q

Emancipation Proclamation

Study These Flashcards
A

States that slaves in states that are actively rebelling against the Confederacy are freed.

25
Habeus Corpus
Due Process--entitled to go before a judge, plead your case, and let the court decide if you're guilty or innocent.
26
"$300 men"
Lincoln places a draft but you can evade this draft by paying $300. So the rich didn't get to go, this caused those to call them the "$300 men"
27
Why were the Irish threatened by free black people?
Since the majority (at the time) of the NYC immigrants were Irish due to the potato famine. When they came to NY, they were treated poorly: bad jobs and discriminated against.
28
13th Ammendment
Ended the 3/5 compromise and abolished slavery. This was an important amendment because the Emancipation Proclamation was an executive order; the next president after Lincoln could've taken it away.
29
14th Amendment
Establishes birthright citizenship and that anyone naturalized in the US is entitled to equal protection under the law
30
15th amendment
guaranteed voting rights to all males regardless of race, color, or former slave status.
31
French Rev. on the US
prompted a shift in political thought, fostering the growth of political factions and influencing American foreign policy.
32
Paternalism
Restricting people's freedom or autonomy for what is believed to be their good
33
Middle Passage
The forced voyage of enslaved Africans across the Atlantic Ocean to the US. It was one stage of the triangular trade that involved Europeans trading goods like guns, cotton cloth, and dishes with Africans in exchange for Slaves
34
Gilded Age
An age roughly from the late 1860s to the early 1900s, marked by rapid industrialization and prominent economic inequalities
35
Election of 1876
One cause was the end of Reconstruction. The election ended with the compromise of 1877, in which the Democrats allowed Hayes to become president on the condition that Republicans remove their federal troops from the South. --> No more federal protection for black Americans
36
KKK
- originally a secret society that was made up of government officials and police - They were a racist, violent hate group - They believed that black people were inferior to white people, and through this, they used intimidation tactics towards black people. (especially to scare them from voting)
37
Standardization
The process of making something conform to a standard
38
Social darwinism
Incorrectly applies the concept of "natural selection" and "survival of the fittest", onto humans to justify hierarchical structures (racism, classism, patriarchy)
39
Laissez-Faire
Government would not regulate business (little to no involvement) - This would be one of the reasons behind the Panic of 1893
40
Panic of 1983
The overbuilding of railroads and shady/corrupt bank practices led to an economic depression, affecting employment, banks, and businesses.
41
Capitalist Society
"Make as much money as you can, and pay the employees as little as you can"
42
Monopoly
A market structure where a single firm dominates an industry or sector. Carnegie, Vanderbilt, and Rockefeller had monopolies on steel, railroads, and oil.
43
Gospel of Wealth
Carnegie wrote this book, in which he expressed the idea that wealthy individuals have a moral responsibility to use their money for the greater good of society rather than hoarding it or passing it on to their heirs.
44
Boss Tweed
Corrupt politician who ran Tammany Hall (a powerful political organization that dominated NYC politics), they fulfilled the needs that the NYC government wasn't fulfilling. - He would help immigrant families (mainly Irish because they were the predominant immigrant group) to settle, and in return, they would vote for whom Tweed would tell them to vote for.
45
NAST
A German political cartoonist who hated Tweed and drew cartoons about his corruption. - Also known for bringing Santa Claus into America.
46
FDIC
Money/insurance people would get money/insurance when banks go out of business. <-- this would be taken out due to the lack of money banks had as a result of the Panic of 1983
47
16th amendment
Gave Congress the power to lay and collect income tax
48
19th amendment
gave women the right to vote
49
Prohibition
(1919-20 - 1932) Made it illegal to manufacture, produce, and sell alcohol. But you can still drink it.
50
Upton Sinclair
(Muckraker) Wrote "The Jungle," which exposed the unsanitary conditions and exploitation of workers in the US meatpacking industry. This led to FDR passing the Pure Food and Drug Act
51
Pure Food and Drug Act
Forbade the manufacture or sale of mislabeled or adulterated food or drugs.
52
Jacob Riis
(Muckraker) released a book, "How the Other Half Lives," containing photos that exposed the harsh living conditions in NYC slums and tenements.
53
Ida Tarbel
(Muckraker) exposed the treatment Rockefeller imposed on his workers.
54
Coxey's Army
Jacob Coxey (an Ohio businessman) led a group of unemployed men to Washington, D.C., demanding federal jobs and relief. (because of the bad job market due to the Panic of 1893)
55
Consolidation
The act of bringing separate parts together and making them stronger.

Federalism (5 decks)

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