UT1 Flashcards
(27 cards)
Who was Frédéric Sorrieu a French artist in 1848?
He prepared a series of four prints visualizing his dream of a world made up of democratic and social Republics.
What did the first print of Sorrieu’s series show?
Peoples of Europe and America marching in a long train offering homage to the statue of Liberty.
What lay on the earth in the foreground of Sorrieu’s print?
Shattered remains of symbols of absolutist institutions.
Which countries led the procession past the statue of Liberty in Sorrieu’s print?
The United States and Switzerland.
What is an Absolutist government?
A system of rule with no restraints on power centralized militarized and repressive.
What is a Utopian vision?
A vision of a society so ideal it is unlikely to actually exist.
What was the end result of changes brought by nationalism in Europe in the nineteenth century?
The emergence of the nation-state in place of multi-national dynastic empires.
What is a nation-state?
One in which the majority of its citizens develop a sense of common identity and shared history.
How was the common identity in a nation-state forged?
Through struggles the actions of leaders and the common people.
Who was Ernst Renan?
A French philosopher who lectured on What is a Nation.
When did the first clear expression of nationalism come in France?
With the French Revolution in 1789.
What change in sovereignty resulted from the French Revolution?
Transfer from the monarchy to a body of French citizens.
What ideas emphasised a united community with equal rights in revolutionary France?
La patrie the fatherland and le citoyen the citizen.
What was the Napoleonic Code of 1804?
It did away with privileges based on birth established equality before the law and secured the right to property.
Why did initial enthusiasm for French rule turn to hostility in conquered areas?
Increased taxation censorship and forced conscription outweighed the advantages.
What was Europe like in the mid-eighteenth century regarding nation-states?
There were no nation-states but kingdoms duchies cantons and autocratic monarchies with diverse peoples.
What was the main tie binding the diverse groups in the Habsburg Empire?
A common allegiance to the emperor.
Who was the dominant class socially and politically on the European continent before the rise of the new middle class?
A landed aristocracy.
What new social groups came into being with industrialisation?
A working-class population and middle classes made up of industrialists businessmen professionals.
What did liberalism stand for in early nineteenth century Europe for the new middle classes?
Freedom for the individual equality of all before the law and government by consent.
Did equality before the law in early liberalism mean universal suffrage?
No equality before the law did not necessarily stand for universal suffrage.
What did economic liberalism stand for?
The freedom of markets and the abolition of state-imposed restrictions on the movement of goods and capital.
What was the Zollverein?
A customs union formed in 1834 at the initiative of Prussia joined by most German states.
What spirit drove European governments after the defeat of Napoleon in 1815?
A spirit of conservatism.
