Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

S3B3 Pathology > Uterus > Flashcards

Uterus Flashcards

(68 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

The provided images are examples of the proliferative, secretory, or menstrual phase?

What features helped you draw this conclusion?

A

Proliferative

  • straight tubular glands
    • evenly spaced
    • lined by mitotic figures
    • no mucin vacoules
  • stromal cells
    • monotonous nuclei
    • oval/spindle shaped cells
    • mitotic figures
  • endometrium will get thicker
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Each endometrial phase is driven by which hormones?

A

Proliferative: estrogen

Secretory: progesterone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

What day in the 28-day menstrual cycle does ovulation take place?

A

14

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

The provided images are examples of the proliferative, secretory, or menstrual phase?

What features helped you draw this conclusion?

A

Secretory phase

  • no mitotic figures in stroma or epithelium
  • nuclear vacoules present – headed for lumen
  • glands look “saw-tooth” in appearance
  • secretory material may be present in the lumen of the glands
  • start getting prominent spiral arterioles
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

The provided image is an example of the proliferative, secretory, or menstrual phase?

What features helped you draw this conclusion?

A

Proliferative

arrow points to mitosis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

The provided image is an example of the proliferative, secretory, or menstrual phase?

What features helped you draw this conclusion?

A

Early secretory

subnuclear vacoules

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

The provided image is an example of the proliferative, secretory, or menstrual phase?

What features helped you draw this conclusion?

A

Late secretory (predecidual)

  • have about reached secretory exhaustion
  • stromal cells develop more cytoplasm (hypertrophy) - more “plate-like” morphology
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

The provided image is an example of the proliferative, secretory, or menstrual phase?

What features helped you draw this conclusion?

A

Menstrual endometrium

  • Stromal break down (confluence btw stromal cells)
    • big/swollen cells
    • stromal collect into clusters
    • neutrophils & lots of blood
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

The provided image is an example of what part of the uterus?

A

myometrium

smooth muscle fasicles

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

What are the possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in pre-pubertal individuals?

A
  • precocious puberty
    • hypothalamic
    • pituitary
    • ovarian
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

What are the possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in adolescents?

A

anovulatory cycle

coagulation disorders

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What are the possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in individuals of reproductive age?

A
  • complications of pregnancy
  • anatomic lesions
  • dysfunctional uterine bleeding
  • anovulatory cycle
  • ovulatory dysfunctional bleeding (inadequate luteal phase)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

What is the most common tumor in females?

A

leiomyoma

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

What are the possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in perimenopausal individuals?

A

dysfunctional uterine bleeding

anatomic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

What are the possible causes of abnormal uterine bleeding in postmenopausal individuals?

A

endometrial atrophy

anatomic lesions

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

What is dysfunctional uterine bleeding?

A

Uterine bleeding in the absensce of an identifiable cause in the uterus – typically due to hormonal abnormalities

glandular & stromal breakdown during the proliferative phase

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

The provided image is an example of what uterine pathology? It is most common in what demographics?

A

Dysfunctional Uterine Bleeding - difficult to distinguish from menstrual phase endometrium, except you should be able to find some mitotic figures & don’t have saw-tooth appearance of secretory phase glands, nor stromal changes

menarche (beginning of menstruation) & perimenopausal periods

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

What is the name for infection/inflammation of the endometrium?

A

acute endometritis

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

The provided images are an example of what pathology?

A

Acute endometritis

  • glands cysticaly dilated
    • filled with neotrophils
  • neotrophils in surface epithelium & scattered throughout stroma
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

The provided stain is indicative of what pathology?

A

IUD associated endometritis

dark blue-staining sulfur (actinomycotic) granule surrounded by inflammatory cells (neutrophils)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

When differentiating between chronic & acute endometritis, what are you looking for?

A

Chronic: presence of plasma cells

Acute: presence nuetrophils

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What pathology is shown in the provided histological slides of the uterus?

A

Chronic Endometritis

  • Numerous stromal plasma cells (white arrows)
    • cytoplasm slightly different color (pale/medium purple) w/ lighter color around the nucleus
    • fair amount of cytoplasm
    • nucleus on edge of cell
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

What is the clinical presentation of chronic endometritis?

A

abdominal pain

+/- fever

+/- bleeding

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

The following symptoms indicate what diagnosis?

  • abnormal bleeding
  • dysmenorrhea, pelvic pain
  • dyspareunia
  • dysuria
  • pain on defecation
  • infertility
A

Endometriosis - ectopic endometrial tissue

(can also be asymptomatic)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
What is the most common location of endometrial tissue causing endometriosis?
ovary
26
How is the ectopic endometrial tissue in endometriosis different from regular endometrial tissue?
produces more inflammatory mediators & b/c it is bleeding into abdominal cavity will also elicit inflammatory response from adjacent organs **Results in pain & scarring**
27
What is currently the most favored hypothesis for the pathogenesis of endometriosis? Explain it.
Regurgitation theory backflow of the endometrial tissue shed during menses is (instead of going out of the vagina) going up into the fallopian tube and out into the pelvic cavity this explains the most common sites where endometrial tissue is found
28
The provided gross sample is an example of what pathology?
Endometriosis left - “chocolate” cyst right - lots of fibrosis & will usually have dark brown speckles
29
What features need to be present in a sample to make the diagnosis of endometriosis?
endometrial glands and/or stroma
30
What is Adenomyosis?
Endometrial tissue present within the myometrium
31
The provided image is a histological sample of what pathology?
Adenomyosis the glands/stroma surrounging the gland is a lighter color that the surrounding myometrium
32
What condition is depicted by the provided image of the gross sample of a uterus?
Adenomyosis Wall is irregularly thickened (upper portion) with dark spots indicating areas of hemorrhage
33
The two bottom arrows shown in the provided image point to what type of pathology?
Endometrial Polyp
34
The provided histological slide is an example of what pathology?
Endometrial Polyp 1. cystically dilated glands 2. thick-walled blood vessels 3. fibrous stroma (usually a more pink color)
35
What components are you looking for on a histological slide to diagnose an endometrial polyp?
1. cystically dilated glands 2. thick-walled blood vessels 3. fibrous stroma (usually a more pink color)
36
Endometrial hyperplasia is driven by what hormone?
estrogen 1- benign endometrium 2- cystic changes 3- increased glands (less stroma)
37
What is the difference between endometrial hyperplasia & endometrial intraepithelial neoplasia (EIN)?
EIN has dysplasia (morphological manifestation of underlying molecular changes) 1-3 are hyperplasia 4-5 are EIN
38
Is the provided image an example of anovulatory endometrium, hyperplasia without atypia or hyperplasia with atypia?
Anovulatory endometrium * focal disorder proliferative phase endometrium * cystically dilated glands * still quite a bit of stroma
38
Is the provided image an example of anovulatory endometrium, hyperplasia without atypia or hyperplasia with atypia?
Hyperplasia without atypia * too many glands for the amount of stroma * can start to see a little irregularity to the shape of the glands * not atypical at the cellular level
39
Is the provided image an example of anovulatory endometrium, hyperplasia without atypia or hyperplasia with atypia?
Hyperplasia with atypia * crowded glands with saw-tooth appearance * nuclear atypia (larger & dark blue) * cells may be pseudostratified (not as much as with proliferative phase endometrium) with mitotic figures
39
Is the provided image an example of anovulatory endometrium, hyperplasia without atypia or hyperplasia with atypia?
Hyperplasia with atypia * nuclei are large, darker & close to the lumen with irregular outlines * crowded glands with saw-tooth appearance * cells may be pseudostratified (not as much as with proliferative phase endometrium) with mitotic figures
40
What condition is shown in the provided image?
Endometrial intrepithelial neoplasia * usually localized (left half of photo) * gland crowding * cytology distinct from the background normal endometrial glands (black arrows) * \*\* bordering on carcinoma, but probably has not invaded yet
41
# Fill out the provided table for Type I Endometrial Carcinoma \*\*don't worry about gene mutations
42
# Fill out the provided table for Type II Endometrial Carcinoma \*\*don't worry about gene mutations
43
What gene mutation is found in most Type II Endometrial carcinomas & high grade Type I?
TP53
44
What is the most common type of endometrial carcinoma?
Endometrioid Adenoma
45
What are the risk factors associated with endometrioid carcinoma?
obesity diabetes hypertension infertility exogenous unopposed estrogen stimulation
46
Endometrioid adenocarcinoma most commonly arises in the setting of what conditions?
excess estrogenic stimulation endometrial hyperplasia
47
What condition is shown within the sample in the provided image?
Endometrioid Adenocarcinoma _Left_: polyploid _Right_: infiltrative
48
What criteria are used to grade endometrial adenocarcinoma?
* Architectural features * is it forming **glands**? - more glands = lower grade * _grade I_ = 95%+ glandular * _grade I_I = 50-95% glandular * _grade III_ = 50%+ solid (nonglandular) * Nuclear morphology * ugly nuclei = higher grade * if have very atypical & huge nuclei, will shift it up a grade from the architectural features
49
What are the two most important Type II carcinomas? Which is most common?
**serous carcinoma**- most common carcinosarcoma
50
Type II carcinomas most commonly arise in what demographic of people?
postmenopausal women
51
What is the precursor lesion to Type II carcinomas?
endometrial intraepithelial carcinoma
52
What pathology is depicted in the provided image?
Serous Carcinoma * tumor fills the endometrial cavity * may be deeply invasive or superficial * notice striking papillary growth in image provided on answer slide
53
What are cellular difference that can help you differentiate Type I carcinoma from Type II carcinoma?
Type I: cell tend to be cohesive Type II (serous carcinoma) - cells easily separate; like leaves falling off a tree in the fall
54
What condition is depicted by the provided histological sample?
Serous Carcinoma * papillary configuration & marked nuclear hyperchromasia (bizarre) * “hobnail” formation
55
What do the brown-staining aspects indicate about the provided samples?
strong expression of **p53** (tumor suppressor protein) tumor/malignancy - helps make diagnosis of serous carcinoma
56
What is a carcinosarcoma? How do they present?
Type II carcinoma with mesenchymal component molecular genetics of type II carcinoma - poor prognosis bulky mass
57
Carcinosarcoma typically arise in what demographics of persons?
post-menopausal African American
58
What condition is shown via the gross & microscopic samples provided?
Carcinosarcoma _gross_: huge polypoid mass in uterine wall (atrophy of endometrium) _microscopic_: glandular tissues (left) & mesenchymal components (ie. cartilage on right)
59
What condition is characteristic of the provided histological slide?
Carcinosarcoma * malignant stroma (spindle shaped, large, bizarre) * glandular component * mitoses (atypical)
60
How will carcinosarcoma lymph node metastasis look? How do they metastasize?
typically only show the carcinomatous component can metastasize via vascular or lymph
61
What is the name of benign smooth muscle tumor of the uterus?
leiomyoma well-circumscribed tan-white mass
62
What condition is depicted in the provided image?
Leiomyoma
63
The provided histological slide is an example of what pathology?
leiomyoma (benign smooth muscle tumor) * typically no cellular atypia * cigar-shaped nuclei characteristic of smooth muscle
64
How could you differentiate leioomyosarcoma from a leiomyoma?
* leiomyosarcoma * areas of hemorrage & necrosis * atypical mitotic figures * hypercellularity * pleomorphism
65
What pathology is depicted by the provided gross & microscopic sample?
leiomyosarcoma * Gross * large mass with areas of hemorrhage/necrosis * microscopic * hypercellularity * pleomorphism * atypical mitoses * necrosis
66
What is the prognosis of a leiomyosarcoma pathology?
variable low grade / stage – good prognosis high grade / stage – poor prognosis

S3B3 Pathology (6 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions