✅Utilitarianism

Question 1

What is benthams theory

Answer 1

Act UT
Applied to every situation, judged each ethical dilemma on this individual situation
Looks at consequences of each individual act and calculate its utility each time he act is performed

Question 2

What is mills theory

Answer 2

Rule UT
Looks at consequences of having everyone following a particular rule and calculate overall utility or accepting or rejecting the rule

Question 3

Consequentialist definition

Answer 3

Someone who decided whether an action action is good or bad by its consequences

Question 4

Hedonism definition

Answer 4

View that pleasure is the chief good

Question 5

Hedonic calculus definition

Answer 5

The system that Bentham came up with for calculating the amount of pleasure or pain generated

Question 6

Teleological ethics definition

Answer 6

Moral actions are right or wrong according to their outcome or telos

Question 7

Principle of utility definition

Answer 7

Theory of usefulness, the greater happiness for the greatest number

Question 8

Basic insights of UT

Answer 8

The purpose of morality is to make the world a better place

Morality is about good consequences

Question 9

Fundamental imperative

Answer 9

Always act in the way that will produce the greatest overall good

Question 10

Jeremy Benthams historical theory

Answer 10

Secular theory, no religion

Question 11

Hedonic calculus

Answer 11

Purity, remoteness, richness, intensity, certainty, extent, duration.

Question 12

Strengths Bentham theory

Answer 12

Common sense, single principle, clear and consistent, flexible, equality.

Question 13

Weaknesses of benthams theory

Answer 13

Number or happiness? Future is difficult to predict, no rest objection, absurd objection, integrity objection, justice objection, hoe do you measure pleasure?

Question 14

Bernard Williams

Answer 14

Integrity objection:
UT causes us to go against moral principles. “Does my bum look big in this” and saying no, it’s immoral or lying. Yet this would be the UT rule

Question 15

Pojman

Answer 15

2 classrooms, lots of moderate or 1 very happy and the rest sad; which one is better? Bentham didn’t express this

Question 16

Roger crisp

Answer 16

Problem in hedonic calculus.

Benthams view says all pleasures are measurable. But it’s not true.

Question 17

Mills quotes

Answer 17

It is better to be Socrates disatisfied than a fool satisfied.

Question 18

Benthams quotes

Answer 18

Pushpin is as good as poetry, the quality of please bring equal.

Question 19

Competent judges

Answer 19

Experience all pleasures. Mil thought he was one.

Question 20

Higher and lower pleasures

Answer 20

Intellectual pleasures, pleasures of the mind or base pleasures like sex or food

Question 21

Strong UT

Answer 21

Strong form of theory maintains rules established through application of utilitarian principles.

Question 22

Weak rule UT

Answer 22

Possibility that these same ut principles can take precedence in situation over general rule

Question 23

Peter singer books

Answer 23

Practical ethics 1980

Animal liberation 1975

Question 24

Preference UT

Answer 24

Holds that we should look to seek as the good that which we would rationally prefer as an outcome, even though it may not be in our best interest

Question 25

Altruism

Answer 25

Any theory which puts the needs of others first

Question 26

Who is peter singer

Answer 26

Contemporary UT
Practical ethics
Animal liberation
Influences by mill, Bethan, Sedgwick, and RP Hare, his oxford lecturer

Question 27

Main quote from peter singer

Answer 27

I accepting that ethical judgements must be made from a universal point of view, I am accepting that my own needs, wants and desires cannot, simply because my preferences count for more than the wants, needs and desires of anyone else

Question 28

Ideal preference utilitarianism

Answer 28

G E Moore,

Recognised beauty and friendship aswell as pleasure, G.E Moore is w consequentialist, according to preference ut actions are right if they max satisfaction if preferences or desires.

Question 29

Negative preference ut

Answer 29

Popper
“If we formulate our demands negatively, adds clarity in field of ethics”
Requires us to promote least amount of evil or harm, prevent suffering for greatest number. Greatest harms have more consequence than greatest good,

Question 30

Basic of preference ut

Answer 30

People are happy when they get what the prefer, but our preferences may clash with other, therefore we need to stand in their shoes.
Hedonistic ut is for the past.preference is for people who can see the future.

Question 31

What is UT in terms of key words?

Answer 31

Teleological, relative, secular, ethical, consequential, normative theory