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NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS > UTILITIE 2 > Flashcards

UTILITIE 2 Flashcards

1
Q

The behavior of concrete during exposure to heat varies with the nature of coarse aggregate and it’s density, and the quality of cement. It also depends upon the position of steel in concrete.

A

Concrete

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2
Q

Fire Safety Equipment

A

Fire Alarms
Automatic Alarms
Fire Extinguishing Equipment
Fire Hydrants
Wet Riser System
Automatic Sprinkler System

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3
Q

Compliance with local building codes and regulations is crucial. Authorities often specify the minimum requirements for fire protection systems based on the building’s location, use, and occupancy, ensuring safety standards are .

A

Local Building codes and regulations

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4
Q

Is a non-combustible building material and also a bad conductor of heat and does not contribute to the spread of fire.

A

Stone

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5
Q

The ability of a component or a building to satisfy, for a stated period of time, some or all of the appropriate criteria given in the relevant standard.

A

Fire Resistance

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6
Q

Similar to those in the drain system, waste systems also have cleanout access points for maintenance.

A

Cleanouts

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7
Q

CONSTRUCTION OF DRAIN WASTE VENT

A
  1. DESIGN
  2. MATERIALS
  3. INSTALLATION
  4. REPAIRS
  5. PROFESSIONAL MAINTENANCE
  6. COMPLIANCE
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8
Q

Access points within the drain system for inspection and maintenance purposes.

A

Cleanouts

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9
Q

MAINTENANCE

A
  1. REGULAR INSPECTION
  2. CLEARING CLOGS
  3. SEALING
  4. VENT MAINTENANCE
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10
Q

(P-Traps and S-Traps): Installed under sinks, toilets, and other fixtures, these traps hold a small amount of water to block sewer gases from entering the building.

A

Drain Traps

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11
Q

label colour for CO2 fire extinguishers

A

black

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12
Q

Handles the disposal of waste materials.

A

Waste system

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13
Q

Start by designing the DWV system carefully, taking into account local plumbing codes and regulations. Plan the lay out, sizing of pipes, and the placement of fixtures to ensure efficient drainage and venting

A

DESIGN

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14
Q

Components of Passive system

A

Fire door
Fire walls
Fire-resistant
Fire retardant
Fire damper

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15
Q

These Fire hydrants are provided on a ring main of 150mm dia. In the ground the building periphery.

A

Fire Hydrants

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16
Q

Determine the total fixture units for all fixtures in the building. Are assigned to different types of fixtures based on their expected flow rates. You
can find fixture unit values in plumbing codes or engineering references.

A

Fixture Units

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17
Q

Proper slope ensures that wastewater flows effectively toward the main sewer or septic system.

A

Elevations and Slopes

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18
Q

For complex or large-scale projects, it’s advisable to consult a professional plumbing engineer or architect with expertise in plumbing system design. They can provide detailed calculations and drawings that meet all regulatory
requirements.

A

Professional Design

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19
Q

This system is essential for maintaining a sanitary and functional plumbing system in residential and commercial structures.

A

Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) system

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20
Q

Identify the locations of traps and cleanouts in the drainage system. Traps prevent sewer gases from entering the building, and cleanouts allow for easy access and maintenance.

A

Traps and Cleanouts

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21
Q

The system consists of providing 100 to 150 mm dia vertical G.I pipes at suitable location in the building.

A

Wet Riser System

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22
Q

Four Steps to Sizing Sanitary Sewers & Vents

A
  1. Add up the total number of drainage fixture units (dfu) for each sanitary branch
  2. Determine the sanitary branch sizes using the dfu values
  3. Calculate the size of the main building drain using the total of all dfu values
  4. Size the vents using an IPC table and the dfu values
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23
Q

Fire Code of the Philippines

A

Republic Act No. 9514

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24
Q

Look for venting details. Vent pipes are essential for preventing airlocks and allowing gases to escape from the DWV system. Proper venting is crucial for the system’s functionality and safety.

A

Ventilation

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25
Q

It is very good conductor of heat, it has very poor fire resistant property. Its use should be restricted to only those structures which have a very low fire risks

A

Aluminum

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26
Q

The size and layout of the building influence the design of passive fire protection systems, like fire-rated walls and doors, as well as active systems, including the placement of fire alarms, sprinklers, and smoke detectors.

A

Building Size and layout

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27
Q

Ensure all connections and joints are properly sealed to prevent leaks. Replace worn out gaskets and seals as needed

A

SEALING

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28
Q

DIFFERENT TYPES OF VENTILLATION

A

 TURBINE VENT
 HOODVENT
 RIDGE VENT
 SOFFIT VENT

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29
Q

Horizontal pipes connected to individual fixtures, provide a direct pathway for venting gases from fixtures to the main vent stack.

A

Branch Vents

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30
Q

Will automatically activate to help put out the fire while building occupants move to safety.

A

Sprinkler systems

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31
Q

Class Flame Spread Index Smoke Development Rating

A

Class A or 1; 0 – 25 450 maximum
Class B or 2; 26 – 75 450 maximum
Class C or 3; 76-200 450 maximum

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32
Q

Are the most common type of extinguisher used for Class B fires. Due to the fact that these fire extinguishers are water-based, they can also be utilized for Class A fires.

A

Foam fire extinguishers

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33
Q

Fire Class K Intended Use

A

Oils and fats

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34
Q

Is non-combustible, it has very low fire resistance, since it is a good conductor of heat. During fire, it gets heated very soon, looses it’s tensile strength rapidly.

A

Steel

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35
Q

To remove hazards or unwanted contaminants

A

HOODVENT

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36
Q

The part of the vent stack that protrudes above the roofline, often with a vent cap or flashing to protect against the weather.

A

Vent Terminal

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37
Q

Determine the direction of flow for both supply and drain lines. Arrows or symbols may indicate this to ensure that water flows correctly and waste is carried away effectively.

A

Flow Direction

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38
Q

Determining the appropriate fire protection system

A
  1. Building Types and Use
  2. Building Size and layout
  3. Fire Hazard and Risk Assessment
  4. Local Building codes and regulations
  5. Occupation load and Population density
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39
Q

A vertical pipe that collects waste from various branch waste lines and directs it downward to the main sewer or septic line.

A

Waste Stack

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40
Q

Which will activate with noise and light to alert the occupants of the building

A

Smoke detectors

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41
Q

Follow the approved design and guidelines during installation. Pipes should have the correct slope to allow wastewater to flow freely. Use proper jointing methods and secure the pipes firmly.

A

INSTALLATION

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42
Q

Is designed to, and required to, close automatically upon detection of heat and to interrupt airflow and to restrict the passage of flame.

A

Fire damper

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43
Q

Fire Class C Intended Use

A

Energized electrical equipment

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44
Q

Are mostly built right into the building. This may mean using fire retardant materials when constructing the floors, walls and ceilings of the building.

A

Passive fire protection systems

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45
Q

Address any damaged or corroded pipes promptly. Replace sections or components that show signs of wear or deterioration.

A

REPAIRS

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46
Q

Which help to direct smoke out of the building and away from occupants or areas where it may do the most damage.

A

Ventilation systems

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47
Q

Types of fire extinguishers

A
  1. Water Extinguishers
  2. Foam Extinguishers
  3. Dry Powder Extinguishers
  4. Carbon Dioxide (CO2 Extinguishers)
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48
Q

Are essential to ensure proper functionality and prevent plumbing issues.

A

Maintenance and Construction of the Drain Waste Vent (DWV) Section in plumbing section

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49
Q

Is non-combustible, hence it is used to protect walls and ceilings against fire risks. Cement plaster is better than lime plaster Gypsum plaster, when used over structural steel members, make them better fire resistant.

A

Plaster and Mortar

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50
Q

These details indicate how pipes are connected to fixtures, branching off to supply lines, and connecting to the main sewer or septic system.

A

Connections

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51
Q

it Is a combustible material. It ignites and gets rapidly destroyed during fire, if the section is small. However, if it is used in thick sections, it possesses the properties of self-insulation and slow burning.

A

Timber

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52
Q

Which can be manually operated to help put out small fires

A

Fire extinguishers

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53
Q

Are the primary extinguisher used in extinguishing electrical fires.

A

Carbon dioxide fire extinguishers

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54
Q

Automatic air admittance valves (AAVs) that allow air into the plumbing system when needed but remain closed to prevent gas escape.

A

Studor Vents (Optional)

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55
Q

Alarms start sounding automatically in the event of fire, it is used in large Industrial building which remain unoccupied during night.

A

Automatic Alarms

56
Q

Keep vent pipes clear of debris or obstructions. Ensure that the vent caps are in good condition to prevent the entry of debris or pests.

A

VENT MAINTENANCE

57
Q

Types of Fire

A

Class A
Class B
Class C

58
Q

It behaves very badly in the event of fire. On sudden cooling, it gets contracted and breaks down into pieces or fragments, giving to sudden failure.

A

Cast Iron and Wrought Iron

59
Q

The number of occupants in a building affects evacuation time and fire risk. High population density areas may require more robust active fire protection systems to ensure timely detection and evacuation.

A

Occupation load and Population density

60
Q

Ensure that the plumbing design complies with local codes.

A

Local Codes and Standards

61
Q

Fire Class (US)

A

A for “Ash”
B for “Barrel”
C for “Current”
D for “Dynamite”
K for “Kitchen”

62
Q

Install P-traps or S-traps beneath fixtures to prevent sewer gases from entering the building. Include cleanouts in the system for maintenance and troubleshooting purposes.

A

Traps and Cleanouts

63
Q

Is an engineered passive fire protection system formed by its door frame, door leaf, ironmongery, glazing and seals.

A

Fire door

64
Q

Identify the location and type of fixtures such as sinks, toilets, showers, and appliances. Is crucial because it determines the layout of supply and drainage lines.

A

Fixture Placement

65
Q

Is poor conductor of heat, and it’s thermal expansion is also less when it is heated and then suddenly cooled, cracks are formed.

A

Glass

66
Q

Use the fixture unit count to size the drainage and vent lines. Larger fixture unit counts or higher flow fixtures will require larger pipe sizes. Local plumbing codes or engineering handbooks provide tables and equations for pipe sizing based on fixture units.

A

Pipe Sizing

67
Q

The type of building and its intended use significantly impact the selection of fire protection systems. This is due to the inherent differences in fire risks and protection needs among various occupancies.

A

Building Types and Use

68
Q

Allow air to travel in the out of an attic

A

SOFFIT VENT

69
Q

Are the most popular fire extinguisher type and they are suited to class A fire risks. They distribute water at high pressure to extinguish flames. Water fire extinguishers are the most common extinguishers found on premises up and down the UK.

A

Water Extinguishers

70
Q

Is responsible for moving wastewater away from fixtures.

A

Drain system

71
Q

Fire Class D Intended Use

A

Combustible metals

72
Q

Used to connect waste pipes and allow the flow of waste materials while preventing clogs.

A

Sanitary Tee or Wye Fittings

73
Q

Each fixture should be vented to prevent traps from siphoning and to allow air to enter the system. Proper venting prevents odors, gurgling, and vacuum problems.

A

Venting

74
Q

Is a handheld active fire protection device usually filled with a dry or wet chemical used to extinguish or control small fires, often in emergencies.

A

fire extinguisher

75
Q

Is a critical part of a building’s plumbing infrastructure that work together to remove wastewater and waste materials efficiently and safely from a building while preventing harmful gases.

A

Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) system

76
Q

Is a poor conductor of heat. First class bricks moulded from good clay can stand exposure to fire for a considerable length of time, Upto temperatures of about 1200°C.

A

Bricks

77
Q

Components of active system

A

Smoke detectors
Fire extinguishers
Sprinkler systems
Ventilation systems
Emergency Lighting

78
Q

Check for information regarding the type of materials used for pipes and fittings. Different materials have different characteristics and may be suitable for specific applications.

A

Material Specifications

79
Q

5 Sanitary reasons of Drain, Waste, and Vent (DWV) system

A

Hygiene and health
Odor control
Maintenance
Contamination
Regulator compliance

80
Q

Part of the venting system (shared with the vent system) serves to allow air into the waste system to aid in the flow of waste materials.

A

Vent Stack

81
Q

Are commonly known as ABC extinguishers as they can be utilized in the event of a class A, B or C fire scenario. However, this type of extinguisher should not be used in an enclosed space.

A

Dry powder extinguishers

82
Q

After installation, conduct pressure tests and inspections to ensure that the drainage and vent lines function correctly and do not leak.

A

Testing

83
Q

These systems reduce damage to the building, expensive equipment, documents, and inventory. Systems work in different ways, but all have a common goal to detect a fire and protect the building, its occupant, and valuables.

A

Fire Protection System

84
Q

Most Fire are caused by Carelessness and some instances Such as:

A

*Smoking In Unauthorized Places
*Faulty Workmanship and Inattention to Electrical installations
*Un-approved Equipment and layout
*Inattention of Persons concerned with Inspection.

85
Q

Two types of building materials in relation to fire

A

1.) Non-combustible materials
2.) Combustible materials

86
Q

Is the burning of flammable gases, which can be very dangerous and highly explosive. These include gases such as butane and propane in gas canisters, which you’d expect to find in certain building trades. You will also find these with gas camping stoves and gas barbeques.

A

Class C fires

87
Q

Periodically inspect the DWV system for signs of leaks , corrosion, or damage. Check for blockages or clogs in drainpipes and vents.

A

REGULAR INSPECTION

88
Q

These are the main conduits responsible for carrying wastewater away from fixtures and appliances to the sewer or septic system.

A

Drain Pipes

89
Q

Use plumbing snakes or augers to clear clogs in drainpipes and vents. Avoid harsh chemical drain cleaners, as they can damage pipes.

A

CLEARING CLOGS

90
Q

Vertical pipes extend from the drainage and waste system to the roof, allowing air to enter the plumbing system.

A

Vent Pipes

91
Q

Label colour for Foam fire extinguishers

A

cream

92
Q

These are a hand bell type and similar to other sounding device which can emit distinctive sound when struck.

A

Fire Alarms

93
Q

Consists of building materials and design features that are used to prevent or slow down the spread of fire and smoke within a structure. These materials and features are typically built into the construction of the building and do not require any active intervention.

A

PASSIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

94
Q

Best practices in plumbing
engineering

A
  1. Fixture Units
  2. Pipe Sizing
  3. Venting
  4. Grade and Slope
  5. Traps and Cleanouts
  6. Local Codes
  7. Professional Design
  8. Testing
95
Q

Are critical for the health and well-being of building occupants, so precision and adherence to codes are essential.

A

Plumbing systems

96
Q

Choose high - quality, durable materials for the DWV system, typically PVC, ABS, or cast iron pipes and appropriate fittings. Ensure that all components meet local building codes.

A

MATERIALS

97
Q

Always check and comply with local plumbing codes and regulations. These codes vary from place to place and may have specific requirements for pipe sizes, venting, material types, and more.

A

Local Codes

98
Q

It allows wastewater from sinks, toilets, showers, and appliances to flow away from the building safely and efficiency.

A

DRAINAGE

99
Q

Means that action of some kind is taking place. This action can be manual, meaning that a person or persons may engage in it, or it may be automatic, deploying once fire, smoke or heat is detected.

A

ACTIVE FIRE PROTECTION SYSTEM

100
Q

Interpreting plumbing supply and DWV general overview

A
  1. Blueprints and Diagrams
  2. Fixture Placement
  3. Pipe Sizing
  4. Flow Direction
  5. Ventilation
  6. Connections
  7. Elevations and Slopes
  8. Material Specifications
  9. Traps and Cleanouts
  10. Local Codes and Standards
101
Q

label colour for dry powder fire extinguishers

A

blue

102
Q

Ensures proper ventilation and prevents the buildup of sewer gases in the plumbing system.

A

Vent system

103
Q

To improve room air quality, and to reduce the usage of air conditioning.

A

TURBINE VENT

104
Q

Each building should have suitable fire extinguishing arrangements depending upon the importance of building and the associated fire hazards.

A

Fire Extinguishing Equipment

105
Q

Different pipes have different diameters, and the size depends on the fixture’s distance from the main supply and drain lines. Follow the legend or key on the drawing to understand the pipe sizes used.

A

Pipe Sizing

106
Q

to provide occupants more time for evacuation and reduce the risk of damage to the building before the emergency services arrive.

A

Purpose of active fire protection systems

107
Q

These pipes are responsible for carrying solid and liquid waste materials away from fixtures and appliances to the sewer or septic system.

A

Waste Pipes

108
Q

These drawings typically include detailed information about the layout and components of the plumbing system.

A

Blueprints and Diagrams

109
Q

Ensures that any modifications or repairs made to the DWV system comply with local plumbing codes and regulations.

A

COMPLIANCE

110
Q

Key Components of a Waste System

A

*Waste Pipes
*Sanitary Tee or Wye Fittings
*Cleanouts
*Waste Stack
*Vent Stack

111
Q

Involve flammable liquids like gasoline, alcohol, diesel, or oil (not cooking oils). The volatility of the fuel source makes them more difficult.

A

Class B fires

112
Q

The pipe get supply from a header each sprinkler head is provided with fusible plug. Heat actuated sprinkler heads are fixed to these pipes at regular interval.

A

Automatic Sprinkler System

113
Q

A thorough risk assessment is essential to identify potential fire hazards, such as flammable materials, electrical equipment, or specific industrial processes. The level of fire risk informs the need for both passive and active fire protection measures.

A

Fire Hazard and Risk Assessment

114
Q

Fire Class B Intended Use

A

Flammable liquids and gases

115
Q

It provides a path for sewer gases to vent out of the building preventing unpleasant odors and ensuring the proper functioning of traps in plumbing fixtures.

A

VENTILATION

116
Q

The DWV system carries solid waste and gray-water to the sewer or septic system.

A

WASTE REMOVAL

117
Q

Fire Class A Intended Use

A

Ordinary solid combustibles

118
Q

Fire-Resisting Properties of Common Building Materials

A

Stone
Bricks
Concrete
Steel
Glass
Timber
Cast Iron and Wrought Iron
Aluminum
Plaster and Mortar

119
Q

Design the drainage lines with the appropriate grade and slope to ensure efficient flow. A typical slope for drainage lines is around 1/4 inch per foot (2%
grade).

A

Grade and Slope

120
Q

Refers to a specific part or portion of a plumbing system in a building that is dedicated to performing the functions related to drainage waste removal, and ventilation.

A

DRAIN WASTE VENT SECTION

121
Q

Used to control the flow of water within the drain system, especially in fixtures like sinks and bathtubs.

A

Drain Valves

122
Q

Constructed of reinforced concrete, concrete blocks, and sometimes brick, provide a fire separation between areas of the same building.

A

Fire walls

123
Q

The main vertical vent pipe that extends above the roofline, is connected to the waste and drain system, which allows for the release of sewer gases and provides air circulation in the system.

A

Vent Stack

124
Q

Consider scheduling periodic inspections and maintenance by a licensed plumber or plumbing contractor to identify and address issues proactively.

A

PROFESSIONAL MAINTENANCE

125
Q

are protective, decorative coating created to minimize the spread of flames in the event of a fire.

A

Fire retardant Paints

126
Q

Flooring and wall systems reduce the spread of flames and smoke in the event of a fire-related incident within a facility.

A

Fire-resistant

127
Q

Types of fire protection system

A
  1. Active Fps
  2. Passive Fps
128
Q

To circulate the hot, humid air to the outside and draw the cool air inside

A

RIDGE VENT

129
Q

Pipes that connect fixtures like sinks, showers, and toilets to the main drain pipes.

A

Branch Drains

130
Q

In the event of a fire, power may be cut off. Emergency lighting systems automatically activate, providing illumination to help occupants evacuate safely.

A

Emergency Lighting

131
Q

Are defined as ordinary combustibles. These types are fires use commonly flammable material as their fuel source. Wood, fabric, paper, trash, and plastics are common sources of Class A fires.

A

Class A fires

132
Q

Key components of a Drain System

A

*Drain Pipes
*Drain Traps
*Cleanouts
*Branch Drains
*Drain Valves

133
Q

This section typically consist of a network of pipes, fittings and fixtures designed to handle the disposal of waste water and solid waste while also providing a means to vent sewer gases.

A

DRAIN WASTE VENT SECTION

134
Q

Label colour for Water extinguishers

A

bright red

135
Q

EXAMPLES OF DRAIN WASTE VENT

A

 Kitchen
 Bathroom DWV section
 Toilet
 Laundry room
 Basement floor drain
 Main DWV stack
 Roof vent stacks
 Branch lines

136
Q

Key Components of a Vent System

A

Vent Pipes
Vent Stack
Vent Terminal
Branch Vents
Studor Vents (Optional)

NUMERICAL SOLUTIONS (4 decks)

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