Flashcards in UTIs Deck (6)
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1
Q
4 types of specific UTIs.
A
Bacteriuria, urethritis,
cystitis, and pyelonephritis
2
Q
Which UTIs are lower and which are upper UTIs?
A
Lower: Urethritis and cystitis (uncomplicated).
Upper: Pyelonephritis (complicated) and intrarenal and perinephric abscess.
3
Q
At what measurement would you call it a UTI?
A
Usually growth greater than 105 organisms per milliliter. If symptomatic or from catheter specimen, can be significant with 102 or 104 organisms per mL.
4
Q
Which organism most commonly causes uncomplicated acute UTIs?
A
E. coli (80%) (and overall the most common causes are gram - bacteria).
5
Q
Which organism is commonly associated with catheter or diabetes?
A
Candida (or other fungal species)
6
Q
10 risk factors for UTIs
A
- Female: Short urethra, proximity to anus, termination beneath labia.
- Sexual activity
- Pregnancy: 2–3% have UTI in preg, 20–30% with asx bacteriuria →may lead to pyelo
- Increased risk of pyelo = decreased ureteral tone,
decreased ureteral peristalsis, temp. incompetence of vesicoureteral valves - Neurogenic bladder dysfunction or bladder diverticulum (incomplete emptying)
- Age: postmenopausal women with uterine or bladder prolapse (incomplete emptying), lack of estrogen, decreased normal flora, concomitant medical conditions such as DM
- Vesicoureteral reflux
- Bacterial virulence
- Genetics
- Change in urine nutrients, DM, gout