Uts Flashcards
(148 cards)
1
Q
Are highly
influenced by a person’s current psychological state of mind.
A
Erogenous zones
2
Q
He believed that in
every stage, you should be able to overcome the conflicts in order for you not
to incur fixation.
A
Sigmund Freud
3
Q
Is something that occurs when you are unable to
resolve an issue during any of your psychosexual stages.
A
Fixation
4
Q
Mouth; Hunger or Overindulgence
A
Oral (0-18 months)
5
Q
Anus; Withholding bowel or uncontrolled bowel habits
A
Anal (18-36 months)
6
Q
Genitals; unable to cope with incestuous
sexual feelings
A
Phallic (3-6 years)
7
Q
A phase of dormant sexual Feelings
A
Latency (6 to puberty)
8
Q
Whole body; maturity of sexual interests
A
Genital (Puberty onwards)
9
Q
The holy grail of survival amongst any known species on Earth
A
Sex
10
Q
Is the key ingredient by which every creature
share.
A
Survival
11
Q
Refers to the categories of
being Male and Female –
needed for the act of mating
to result in biological
reproduction
A
Sex
12
Q
Biologically determined
differences between men
and women
A
Sex
13
Q
Constant across time,
across different societies
and culture
A
Sex
14
Q
Is about your
sexual feelings, thoughts,
attractions and
behaviours towards
other people
.
A
Sexuality
15
Q
“the feelings you have about your
body and your confidence level in
how you relate intimately to
someone else.
A
Sexual Self Esteem
16
Q
As for the other factors that push us
A
Biological, Psychological, Social
17
Q
Dealt with the evolution of the
characteristics due to mating, rather than
survival, advantage (Darwin, 1859; 1871
A
Natural Selection
18
Q
According to William Masters and Virginia
Johnson (1966) sexual activity is a cycle which consists mainly of four
phases:
A
excitement (desire/arousal), plateau, orgasm, and
resolution
19
Q
Those who survive the struggle are by definition
not only the fittest but also morally the best. So
it’s defining ‘good’ as ‘survival. ‘ Whatever
survives is by definition good.
A
(Spencer, 1864)
20
Q
Is the first phase in the cycle is divided into two. Desire
happens when we feel sexual urges after perceiving sexual cues or fantasies.
This part is purely psychological. On the other hand, arousal, shows several
physiological signs in both male and female. Like for males you have penile
tumescence or commonly known as an erection, while for females you have
breast tumescence (nipple erection) and vasocongestion which leads to the
lubrication of the vagina
A
Excitement
21
Q
This is usually the brief period before
orgasm.
A
Plateau
22
Q
In men, there is the feeling
of inevitability of ejaculation, followed by ejaculation itself. In females, there
is the feeling of intense sexual pleasure and contractions on the lower third
of the vagina.
A
Orgasm
23
Q
Usually
characterized by the decreased arousal and sexual urge after ejaculation
A
Resolution
24
Q
Subsumes the processes of intrasexual competition and
intersexual selection.
A
Sexual Selection
25
Love is divided into three different
stages:
Lust, attraction, and attachment
26
Lust is the first of the
three stages. Usually this stage is highly influenced by two main hormones namely
Testosterone and estrogen
27
During this stage our brain
releases increased amounts of adrenaline, dopamine, and serotonin. These
substances are called neurotransmitters
Attraction
28
During this stage, there is a strong feeling of
affection or loyalty towards someone or something. This is mainly caused by
two major hormones, oxytocin and vasopressin.
Attachment
29
Suggesting that
one male would indulge in reproductive
activities with more than one female.
Polygynous Relationship
30
Seems to be the norm by the
species of Homo-Erectus as this allows mates
to receive extensive reproductive from kin and
clan members
Monogamy
31
Having or involving many sexual partners,
regardless of class
Promiscuous relationship
32
Refers to the characteristics of
women, men, girls and boys that
are socially constructed.
.
Gender
33
Commonly known as the Philippine
reproductive health law mandates the government to promote medically safe
and legal family planning methods.
Republic Act 10354
34
Refers to how
a person's behavior, attitude, or feelings can change when they are convinced
that they have received or experienced something which causes the change.
Placebo effect
35
Maslow's hierarchy of needs
Psychological needs, safety needs, love and belonging, esteem needs, self-actualization
36
Needs such as food, water, sleep, excretion
Psychological needs
37
Needs such as security and protection
Safety needs
38
Social needs like friendship, intimacy, and family
Love and belonging
39
Recognition, achievement, respect from others
Esteem needs
40
Which is achieving one's full potential and
creative needs
Self-actualization
41
The process by which we put to use material or economic goods is called
Consumption
42
It is a series of activities which usually
starts with the assessment of the resources needed for production.
Consumption
43
It has been theorized that the perceived self-image influences
consumer behavior (Sirgy et al., 1991). How you compare yourself to the
product can help you decide whether or not you should buy it. You, as a
consumer will often times choose products or branding that is congruent with
your self-image, or at least you perceive it to be
Self-congruity
44
There is a positive product image and a
positive self-image. An example would be when you want to stay
fit and sexy so you choose to eat products that are advertised to
have low calorie and fat content.
Positive self-congruity
45
There is a positive product-image and a negative self-image. An example would be when you take a supposed weight loss drink because you have a negative outlook on your body image.
Positive self-incongruity
46
There is a negative product-image and a
negative self-image. An example is when your uncle who is a longtime smoker thinks that it is pointless to stop because he already
has harmful chemicals in his body. He continues to consume
tobacco because substances like nicotine specifically has already
affected him.
Negative self-congruity
47
There is a negative product-image and
a positive self-image. This happens when you consume negatively
perceived items such as medicines for terminal illnesses with a
positive mental state because you believe you can still recover
from it.
Negative self-incongruity
48
This association you
create between the product and the person is due to... These are the meanings you attach to products.
Product symbolic cues
49
When you personally
create in your head thoughts about how the products are, you are then
creating
Retail patron images
50
In The SOUL BOOK: Introduction to Philippine Pagan Religion (Demetrio et al.,
1991), one of the exciting concepts of the soul is
Dungan
51
Is an old concept of the soul, according to Visayans in Panay island.
Imagine it as a kind of spirit that you cannot see
Dungan
52
Dungan only exists when a person is alive
True
53
The Dungan that goes out of the body is now called
Kalag
54
Dungan only exist when it is "together" with the body.
Whatever happens to the Dungan will also affect the physical body
True
55
Aside from being an ethereal entity, Dungan also means
Willpower
56
Are diety couples (Nabayra, 2014). The
wife, Buyag, could not bear any child, and because of that, they envy other
people who have children. (Mandaya tribe)
Buyag and Usog
57
They believe the soul
or Dungan goes out of the body during sleep, and then it appears like small
creatures – lizards, insects, or even birds (Magos, 1986)
Kiniray-a people of the province of Antique
58
They believe that the souls of their ancestors remain after
death and that they get offended if outsiders trespass their land (Rosales,
2019).
Tau-Buhid Mangyans of Mindoro
59
The Tagalog word for soul, kaluluwa, came from the word
"____," which means two – implying that the soul is like an invisible shadow
that follows a living body (Arsenio, 1982
Duha
60
She argues that looking down on what Filipino ancestors
believe might lose the sacred connection attached to things.
Leny Strobel
61
Highlighted folk religion's role
in the inception of Filipino theology (Demeterio, 2012)
Isabelo delos Reyes
62
Contributed so much to Filipino philosophy and spirituality through
the notion of "loob”
Leonardo Mercado
63
Acknowledged the Filipino community's inner values in developing a better understanding of Christianity in the Philippines – that you should translate your spirituality into social justice by seeing God in the face of the poor.
Sr. Mary John Mananzan
64
He said that faith makes people weak,
claiming that "religion is an opium of the people”
Karl Marx
65
He said that the “God” concept is a projection of what human beings want for themselves, a notion he says "theology is anthropology"
Feuerbach
66
He said that
religion aids people to survive despite all the sufferings.
Victor Frankl
67
He developed a psychoanalytic method called "logotherapy," which helps people find meaning
in life by reorienting themselves towards their purpose. He survived the HOLOCAUST
Victor Frankl
68
In logotherapy, there are three sources of meaning:
Work, love, courage
69
As technology
advances, the world shrinks. More interactions with people with different
backgrounds demand modern society to embrace more inclusive,
multicultural, and ethnically diverse spiritual insights. The cliché "respect all
religions" is easier said than done because people tend to trespass personal
boundaries. To make it simple, just remember to appreciate religions the way
they are instead of judging them based on your own standards
Religious Pluralism
70
Spirituality,
therefore, could be part of the inner wirings of every human being
True
71
Refers more to the individual practice of finding purpose and peace.
Spirituality
72
I came to the conclusion long ago that all religions were true and that also that
all had some error in them, and while I hold by my own religion, I should hold
other religions as dear as Hinduism. So we can only pray, if we were Hindus,
not that a Christian should become a Hindu; but our innermost prayer should
be that a Hindu should become a better Hindu, a Muslim a better Muslim, and
a Christian a better Christian.
Mahatma Gandhi
73
He said in his works that spiritual experiences are "essentially rooted in the human psyche."
Carl Jung
74
He stresses that spiritual acts are the "peak experiences" of humans.
Abraham Maslow
75
He said that seeking spiritual nourishment is a journey towards the "transpersonal self," for instance, a Christian brings "Inner Christ" within him/her.
Roberto Assagioli
76
A major proponent of neurotheology, concluded that prayer improves the human brain as shown in many religious people's scanned brains – Buddhist monks, Christian nuns, Muslim Imams, and Jewish Rabbis, and Yoga masters (Newberg & Yaden, 2018).
Andrew Newberg
77
Is not the only factor determining political participation; political behavior and political identity are crucial factors
Self interest
78
Refers to how vocal or silent you are in expressing your political views.
Political participation
79
Refers to the encompassing characteristics shared by a particular population, and this is based on what social scientists believe as "social identity theory.
Social identification
80
The main point of the social identification factor is that your affiliation to a
particular group gives you a sense of SELF
True
81
In simple terms, is the behavior to help other people without
expecting something in return.
Altruism
82
In the manner, the main influences in concocting the Political
Self of a Filipino are the following:
(1) family, (2) history, (3)
education, and (4) social media.
83
Has been one of the most prevalent and widely used political participation mechanisms in the 21st century
Social media
84
According to ___________, Filipino identity has been constructed through revolutions till now.
Wan You (2011)
85
One of the main
socialization agents, they primarily influence how you form your own political
views
Family
86
Interestingly, one significant way of acquiring all this historical
knowledge is through_________. Through this social institution, we learn
about history, but we can also accept ideologies that the educational system
we belong to advocates.
Education
87
Explores the phenomena of virtual self-expression and
the aspects that have led us to create a virtual/digital self
Digital self
88
Is a communication tool that allows people to share and exchange information through the internet. It is like word of mouth about a thousand times faster. It has obviously been an integral part of our life
Social network
89
Are at the third level of Maslow's (1943) Hierarchy of Needs. Just like any of the needs in Maslow’s theory, we need to fulfil it in order to reach the pinnacle that is self-actualization
Social need
90
Over the last few decades, almost anything had become virtually accessible, and the tangible things we used to bring with us has faded away. Information, communication, photos, videos, music, and even money are immaterial and have all been electronically turned into data
Dematerialization
91
If you’re familiar with filters and avatars that are used in online platforms, then most likely you have experienced a __________of the self through your extended digital self. Commonly a phenomenon in online-role playing games and other platforms where we have the freedom to modify how we are perceived online.
Re-embodiment
92
This organizes ideas about ourselves and immortalizes it in
a virtual platform. Just as how we are able to share and acquire information,
music, games, and other data forms; we too are able to share important
aspects of our self on the internet.
Sharing
93
Social networking sites have been seen as relevant
to the psychological development among individuals between adolescence
and adulthood, and over the last years, even for fairly younger ones. They can
learn more about the culture and develop social skills through online
interaction among people of the same age.
Co-construction of Self
94
Some aspects of our virtual storage system may also be just selected
parts about our life that we had aimed to digitalize. These narratives we have
about ourselves which we store online, somehow represents things about our
past – the same way paintings, sculptures and books used to present
memories about people before the digital age.
Distributed Memory
95
The several digital dimensions that has aspects of the Self
Dematerialization, re-embodiment, sharing, co-construction of self, distributed memory
96
Refers to the idea of getting out of the "real world" and go into a seemingly "fleeting yet better world"
Escapism
97
The avatar you created in video games may manifest your ______
Inner desires
98
Media psychologists call the feeling of getting more
excited in the virtual world than the real world as
Excitatory homeostasis
99
Is already considered to be a psychological disorder under the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual for Psychological Disorders (DSM-V) and the 11th revision of the International Classification of Diseases (ICD-11).
Gaming addiction
100
He criticizes that the isekai anime Goblin Slayer became an avenue where harmful ideologies like colonialism, genocide, and sexism proliferate.
Gottesman (2020)
101
Inarguably the most complex object.
Human brain
102
The brain is divided into :
Forebrain, midbrain, and hindbrain
103
Executive functions: thinking, planning, organizing, and problem-solving; emotions and behavior control; personality
Frontal lobe
104
Auditory processing, language comprehension, speech, memory
Temporal lobe
105
Perception, intelligence, reasoning, making sense of the world, language, sensation, reading
Parietal lobe
106
Visual perception and interpretation
Occipital
107
Two types of behavior:
Respondent and operant behavior
108
An automatic, involuntary response to a stimulus.
Respondent behavior
109
A famous experiment conducted by Ivan Pavlov, a Russian physiologist
involving a dog and food (stimulus), discovered something new. A
respondent behavior (in Pavlov’s investigation, it was salivation) can be
learned through the pairing or associating two stimuli.
Classical conditioning
110
Means thinking about the way you are thinking
Metacognition
111
Metacognition involves two processes:
Knowledge of cognition, regulation of this cognition
112
If you want to understand better your way of thinking, take the
Metacognitive
Awareness Inventory (MAI)
113
Generate your own explanation for why an
explicitly stated fact or concept is true
Elaborative
Interrogation
114
Explaining how new information is related to
new information or explaining steps taken
during problem-solving
Self-Explanation
115
Writing summaries of the texts to be learned
Summarization
116
Marking potentially important portions of the
materials while reading
Highlighting/ Underlining
117
Using keywords to associate verbal materials.
Keyword mnemonic
118
Forming mental images of text materials
Imagery for text
119
Restudying text materials again after an
initial reading
Rereading
120
Self-testing or taking practice tests over the
to-be-learned material
Practice testing
121
Implementing a schedule of practice that
spreads out study activities over time
Distributed practice
122
Implementing a schedule of practice that
mixes different kinds of problems, or a
schedule of study that combines different
types of material, within a single study lesson
Interleaved practice
123
Involves setting goals and strategically planning, while performance involves behavioral implementation and self-control.
Forethought
124
Involves evaluation and assessment after learning.
Self-reflection
125
Is essential for success in any area, and choosing well will prevent regret.
Hardwork
126
Behavioral implementation will call for self-control and self-observation.
Performance
127
“By failing to prepare, you are preparing to fail”
Benjamin Franklin
128
He pinpoints a person’s belief as the culprit
Albert Bandura
129
Our belief system can significantly influence the way we think, feel, and act.
Self-efficacy
130
How do you develop a strong sense of self-efficacy? Bandura (1997)
discussed the following sources;
Mastery experiences, social modeling, social persuasion, and physiological and emotional state.
131
When you do something meaningful and succeed in doing it, this accounts for
Mastery experiences
132
You can increase or lower personal efficacy through.
Social modeling
133
Can reinforce or diminish personal efficacy. Allowing significant people in your life to convince you of what you can accomplish can positively influence your self-efficacy.
Social persuasion
134
The last source you can tap for self-efficacy is your
Psychological and emotional state.
135
Believes that abilities are not fixed. Instead, these can be developed.
Growth mindset
136
Rely on talents and skills as the only source of success.
Fixed mindset
137
Growth and Fixed Mindsets Another theory that agrees that belief systems can influence our performance is proposed by
Carol Dweck
138
Known for his studies of the effects of stress on the
human body (Britannica, 2020) coined the term eustress to positive stress
Hans Selye
139
The World Health Organization (WHO) defines _________ as “a state of well-being in which every individual realizes his or her own potential, can cope with the normal stresses of life, can work productively and fruitfully, and can make a contribution to her or his community” (2018).
Mental health
140
How can you develop resilience?
SELF-CARE
141
Is being able to see the brighter side of things
despite the negativity of the situation.
Stay positive
142
Exercising and eating the right kinds of food is quite
the easiest to understand yet the most ignored. Among many benefits,
regular exercise improves blood circulation.
Exercise and eat well
143
To add to our previous discussion on learning how to learn, another way to maintain our well-being is to learn how to take opportunities that promote self-discovery.
Learn
144
What are your fears right now? Is it real, or is it imaginary?
To maintain good mental health, practice facing your fears. Say, for example,
you are afraid of public speaking. You do not have to speak right away to a
big audience.
Face your fears
145
This may sound contradictory, yet that is what we
need to do, especially now that the pandemic has forced us to use our gadgets
more often in distance learning. To promote mental health, how about taking
time off from your devices: cellphones, laptop or desktop computers, etc. and
connect or chat with your family members, without the distractions of these
gadgets?
Connect and disconnect
146
Sometimes, it is hard for us to admit our
weaknesses or faults because we are afraid it will make us vulnerable.
Ironically, when we acknowledge and accept our shortcomings, failures, and
seemingly unacceptable aspects of us, our mental health is strengthened.
Acknowledge and accept
147
When was the last time you relaxed and had a good
eight to ten hours of sleep? Do not forget the health benefits of sleep.
Sleeping at the right time with the right amount of hours contributes to
productivity and better concentration. Remember those times when you were
irritable and agitated? Perhaps those were the times you had been sleeping
late. This time, practice self-care by having enough sleep and through
relaxation.
Relax and sleep well
147
Lastly, do not be shy in expressing your feelings. The
emojis have been invented to help us at least describe how we feel through
social media. But we must also be comfortable expressing our emotions
personally, whether the feeling is pleasant or not. Remember, feelings are not
bad in themselves. It becomes unacceptable when its expression is to
intentionally hurt others.
Express emotions
