uts Flashcards
What does ‘nature’ refer to in the nature vs nurture debate?
An individual’s innate qualities (nativism)
Nature includes genetic traits and biological factors.
What does ‘nurture’ refer to in the nature vs nurture debate?
Personal experiences (i.e. empiricism or behaviorism)
Nurture encompasses environmental influences and upbringing.
Give an example of ‘nature’ in the nature vs nurture debate.
Your genes
Physical and personality traits determined by genetics.
Give an example of ‘nurture’ in the nature vs nurture debate.
Your childhood experiences
Environmental factors affecting growth and development.
What factors are included in biological and family factors related to nature?
- Genetic inheritance
- Family history
What factors are included in social and environmental factors related to nurture?
- Cultural background
- Socioeconomic status
- Education
What does evidence suggest about family environmental factors and childhood IQ?
They may account for up to a quarter of the variance
This correlation disappears by late adolescence.
How are identical twins related in terms of personality traits?
They are far more similar in personality than randomly selected pairs of people
Suggests that personality is heritable.
What is the definition of ‘identities’?
Qualities, characteristics, beliefs, opinions, etc., that make a person unique from others.
What is the definition of ‘self’?
The person of himself/herself; includes inner consciousness and awareness of existence.
What is a self-concept?
A person’s overall perception of themselves, including beliefs, feelings, and ideas about who they are.
List the components of self-concept according to Carl Rogers’ theory.
- Self-Image
- Self-Esteem
- Ideal Self
What factors influence self-concept?
- Personal experiences
- Social interactions
- Culture and environment
- Comparison with others
What does identity refer to?
How a person defines themselves based on external and internal factors.
What is social identity?
The part of a person’s self-concept derived from belonging to social groups.
What does Social Identity Theory explain?
How people categorize themselves into groups and derive self-worth from group membership.
Give an example of social identity.
I am Filipino.
This reflects national identity.
What is role identity?
The part of self-identity shaped by the specific roles a person plays in different social contexts.
What does Role Theory explain?
That people behave differently based on the roles they adopt in various social interactions.
Give an example of role identity.
I am a mother.
This reflects familial roles.
What is personal identity?
A person’s unique traits, values, and characteristics that make them distinct from others.
What does Erikson’s Psychosocial Development Theory state about personal identity?
It develops over time through experiences and self-reflection.
List the features that differentiate social identity, role identity, and personal identity.
- Social Identity: Group Membership
- Role Identity: Social Roles
- Personal Identity: Individual Uniqueness
How does social identity connect with role identity and personal identity?
A mother may identify as part of the parenting community while having her own values and interests.
