UV, moles & Skin Cancer

Question 1

is p53 a tumour supressor or an oncogene

Answer 1

tumour suppressor

Question 2

is Rb a tumour suppressor or an oncogene

Answer 2

tumour suppressor

Question 3

is Ras a tumour suppressor or an oncogene

Answer 3

oncogene

Question 4

what is the medical word for an age spot

Answer 4

actinic or solar lentigo

Question 5

what size of a naevi makes it more likely to be dysplasic

Answer 5

> 6mm

Question 6

what does a spitz nevi look like

Answer 6

non-pigmented mole

Question 7

what is a melanoma mimic in a child

Answer 7

spitz naevi

Question 8

what cells are blue naevi formed from

Answer 8

spindle cells

Question 9

are junctional naevi pigmented

Answer 9

yes

Question 10

what is the other name for a basal cell papilloma

Answer 10

seborrhoeic keratosis

Question 11

what is the pathology of seborrhoeic keratosis

Answer 11

benign keratinocyte proliferation, hyperkeratosis, acanthosis

Question 12

what is the management of seborrhoeic keratosis

Answer 12

cryotherapy

Question 13

what is the commonest skin malignancy

Answer 13

basal cell carcinoma

Question 14

basal cell carcinomas are locally invasive. true or false

Answer 14

true

Question 15

squamous cell carcinomas are locally invasive. true or false

Answer 15

true

Question 16

basal cell carcinomas don’t metastasise. true or false

Answer 16

true

Question 17

squamous cell carcinomas don’t metastasise. true or false

Answer 17

false: 5% metastasis risk

Question 18

are basal cell carcinomas more commonly seen in the elderly or middle age group?

Answer 18

middle age group

Question 19

are squamous cell carcinomas more commonly seen in the elderly or middle age group?

Answer 19

elderly

Question 20

where are basal cell carcinomas

Answer 20

sun exposed sites

Question 21

where are squamous cell carcinomas

Answer 21

sun damaged sites or injury sites

Question 22

basal cell carcinomas are fast growing. true or false

Answer 22

false; can be present for years before diagnosis

Question 23

squamous cell carcinomas are fast growing. true or false

Answer 23

true

Question 24

which types of skin cancer can be described as a central rodent ulcer

Answer 24

basal cell carcinoma

Question 25

which type of skin cancer can be described as a pearly colour

Answer 25

basal cell carcinoma

Question 26

basal cell carcinomas are normally painful. true or false

Answer 26

false

Question 27

squamous cell carcinomas are normal painful. true or false

Answer 27

true

Question 28

what is the management of a basal cell carcinoma

Answer 28

excise or vismodegib

Question 29

what is the management of squamous cell carcinoma

Answer 29

excise. radiotherapy if metastasis

Question 30

name the 3 squamous cell carcinoma precursor lesions

Answer 30

bowen's disease, keratoacanthoma, actinic keratosis

Question 31

what is the pathology of bowen's disease

Answer 31

squamous cell carcinoma in situ, no dermal invasion but epidermal dysplasia

Question 32

what is the presentation of bowen's disease

Answer 32

scaly non-pigmented erythematous plaque

Question 33

what is the management of bowen's disease

Answer 33

cryotherapy or phototherapy

Question 34

where are actinic keratosis found

Answer 34

sun exposed skin

Question 35

what is the management of actinic keratosis

Answer 35

cryotherapy or topical cream imiquimod. no surgery

Question 36

what are the possible mutations in melanoma

Answer 36

Ras or B-Raf or MAPK

Question 37

when is melanoma capable of metastasis

Answer 37

when in vertical growth phase

Question 38

what are the types of melanoma

Answer 38

superficial spreading melanoma nodular lentigo maligna acral melanoma

Question 39

what is the commonest type of melanoma

Answer 39

superficial spreading melanoma

Question 40

what tool is used to describe and assess melanoma on examination

Answer 40

``` A asymmetry B border C colour D diameter >6mm/change E evolution / elevation ```

Question 41

how are mutations tested for in melanoma

Answer 41

using paraffin fixed tissue

Question 42

when is sentinel node biopsy indicated for melanoma

Answer 42

if >1mm thick or with mitosis

Question 43

what is Breslow's thickness and what does it measure

Answer 43

a prognostic indicator for melanoma, distance from deepest point to the granular layer

Question 44

what is the 5 year survival rate for a Breslow thickness <1mm

Answer 44

>95%

Question 45

what is the 5 year survival rate for a Brewlow thickness >4mm

Answer 45

50%

Question 46

what is the 5 year survival rate for melanoma with metastasis

Answer 46

5%

Question 47

what is the management of melanoma if SNB is positive

Answer 47

regional lymphadenectomy

Question 48

how big a margin should be cleared for melanoma in situ (RGP)

Answer 48

5mm

Question 49

how big a margin should be cleared for melanoma thats <1mm invasive

Answer 49

1cm

Question 50

how big a margin should be cleared for melanoma thats >1mm invasive

Answer 50

2cm

Question 51

what is the management of metastatic melanoma

Answer 51

chemotherapy

Question 52

what biologic can be used for a c-kit mutation melanoma

Answer 52

imatinib

Question 53

what biologics can be used for a BRAF mutation melanoma

Answer 53

dabrafenib or vemurafenib

Question 54

what anaesthetic is used for skin cancer surgery

Answer 54

lidocaine + adrenaline to prolong anaesthesia

Question 55

where should adrenaline be avoided

Answer 55

end arteries