Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

Uworld questions > uworld 7 > Flashcards

uworld 7 Flashcards

(101 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

What meds can cause constipation?

A

numerous but esp anticholinergics. Hypothyroidism also can cause

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

How does amoxicillin type rash in EBV mono appear?

A

Occurs 24 hrs usually after taking drug, appears of polymorphous maculopapular rash.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

How tx neutropenic fvr?

A

W/ broad spectrum ABX including P.A. coverage (i.e. cefepime, carbapenems, quinolones) usually quinolone + beta lactam

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

How prevent contrast induced nephropathy?

A

IV hydration needed, prevents renal vasoconstrxn and tubular injury, also nacetyl cysteine provides benefit

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

How differentiate asthma and COPD?

A

asthma reversible w/ bronchodilator while COPD is partially or non-reversible

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

Tx for asthma vs COPD?

A

inhaled steroids better for asthma but inhaled anticholinergics preferred for COPD.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

Si/sx of sarcoidosis?

A

commonly AA women - > arthritis, lungs px w/ cough, dyspnea, fever, weight loss. Skin px w/ erythema nodosum, eyes px w. anterior uveitis,

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

CXR findings w/ sarcoidosis?

A

bilateral hilar adenopathy and reticular opacities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

most common cause of hepatic cirrhosis?

A

ETOH abuse, viral hepatitis, NAFLD

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

Cause of wilson’s disease?

A

AR disease w/ deficiency of copper binding enzyme that fails to bind Cu or excretion onto ceruloplasmin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

Lab finding w/ wilson’s?

A

low ceruloplasmin, low serum Cu, high urine Cu

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

What is hepatic whitlow?

A

self limiting viral infxn of hand due to HSV1 or HSV2 that px w/ redness, tenderness, vesicles.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

Positive tzack smear px as?

A

multinucleated giant cells which suggests herpes infxn

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

Si/sx of disc prolapse?

A

unilateral radicular pain in dermatomal distrib., back spasm w/ inability to valsalva.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Si/sx of cauda equina syndrome?

A

bladder atony w/ overflow incontinence, bilateral sciatica, saddle anesthesia, loss of anal sphincter tone

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Si/sx of acute bronchitis?

A

wheezing, afebrile, coag of acute onset, productive of yellow sputum, may be blood tinged

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

What is senile purpura?

A

ecchymosis in elderly in areas susc to trauma, due to atrophy of perivascular CT, no prior bleeding probs in hx

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

How does digoxin toxicity prx?

A

N/V, anorexia, confusion, weakness, visual abnormalities

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

What are indications for surgery w/ aortic stenosis?

A

syncope, angina, dyspnea, operation of choice is valve replacement

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
20
Q

How w/u dysphagia?

A

If of solids + liquids- likely motility issue, do barium 1st, endo 2nd if inconclusive

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
21
Q

What prophylaxis against malaria used in L.A. & Korea

A

Primaquine ( no falciparium in this region)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
22
Q

What prophylaxis used where falciparum resistant to chloroquine?

A

can use atovaquone-proguanil, doxy, mefloquine. Needed in subsaharin Afric, SE Asia, southern Asia

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
23
Q

If noncaseating granuloma on lung biopsy? How tx?

A

sarcoidoiss most likely. tx w/ steroids

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
24
Q

How does cyclosporine fxn?

A

inhibits IL-2 mainly, also inhibits other cytokines and helper T cells

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
25
Adv rxn of cyclophosphamide?
nephrotoxic - > htn, neurotoxic (HA, seziures, vision probs), hyperglyc, SCC + lymphoprolif malignancy, gingival hyperplasia, GI sx
26
Adv rxn of azathioprine?
dose-related diarrhea, leukopenia, hepatoxicity
27
How does obstructive PFT flow loop appear?
rapid incr in expiratory pressure with rapid fall, producing steep downward slope, like backwards J
28
How does restrictive PFT flow loop appear?
slower rise in expiratory pressure with slower linearly dcrs in pressure upon expiration< like upside down V.
29
What is BNP correlate w/?
level of circulating BNP - > severity of left ventricle filling pressure + mortality. Assoc w/ S3 when elevated.
30
How does HOCM murmur sound?
heard on left sternal border, cresc-descres murmur, due to interventrical septal hypertrophy
31
How differentiate HOCM from AS?
AS px on R sternal border and radiates to carotids, HOCM rare in young individuals w/out FMHX
32
Concerning signs for lymph node?
hard, immobile, non-rubbery, >2 cm
33
best tx for poor appetite in cancer pt?
progesterone analog megestrol acetate and medroxyprogesterone, also steroids
34
ACLS protocol for vfib, vtach?
first defib, then epi w/ 3 min CPR, repeat defib, give antiarryhtmics
35
how does OD on beta blockers px? How tx?
bradycardia, AV block, hypotension, diffuse wheezing. Tx w/ glucagon (incrs cAMP levels)
36
Risk of TCA OD and how tx?
can cause QRS prolongation leading to ventric arrythm, tx w/ Na bicarb - > depresses action of sodium channels preventing QRS prolong
37
What is source of bleed in mallory weiss tears?
Ruptured submucosal arteries
38
Px of cluster headaches?
tearing, pain of ipsilateral eye, horner's syndrome, runny nose
39
How tx w/ ppx against cluster HA?
Can do verapamil, lithium, ergotamines
40
How does warfarin skin necrosis appear?
get pain then bullae then skin necrosis 2/2 to warfarin admin
41
Lab findings w/ low vitamin D?
get low Ca, low Phos, high PTH
42
What do low complement levels most often suggest w/ renal disease?
PSGN, lupus nephritis, MPGN, mixed cryoglobulinema (2.2 to hep C)
43
Effect of beta blocker admin in presence of pheo?
rapid incr in bp due to reflexive vasoconstrxn due to excessive alpha receptor activation, alpha receptor catechol are then unopposed (vasoconstrxn)
44
Most likely murmur w/ IV drug use?
tricuspid regurg which px w/ systolic murmur that incrs w/ inspiration
45
What is hazard rate?
chance of an event occuring in either tx arm or control arm over set period.
46
What is hazard ratio?
chance of event in tx arm cmprd to chance in control arm.
47
What does hazard ratio # mean?
If 1 then more likely in tx arm
48
Best tx for worsening pain in pt w/ prsotate cancer + metastasis?
best to use prophylactic radiation
49
Another tx for bone pain 2/2 to metastisis esp in prostate cancer?
can use bisphosphonates to dcrs bone dstrxn.
50
Si/sx of spinal cord compression?
worsening of local back pain, pain worse laying down, symmetric LE weakness, dcrsd reflexes, early bilateral babinski, incrsd dtr w/ sensory loss late.
51
How tx spinal cord compression?
emergent MRI, IV steroids
52
Risk w/ recurrent vomiting?
mallory weiss tear can form --- ruptured submucosal arteries of distal esoph and prox stomach
53
How tx mallory weiss tear?
usually bleed stops spont., can tx w/ vasopressin, edoscopic injx, electrocautery
54
Si/sx of adrenal failure?
anorexia, fatigue, N/V/D, ab pain, weight loss, hyperpigmentation, dcrsd BP, dcrsd Na, incrsd K
55
How does reactivation of TB appear on CXR?
upper lobe infiltrate w/ cavitation
56
How does PCP penumonia appear on CXR?
diffuse granular opacities
57
How does otitis externa px typically?
Ear discharge and pain w/ pulling on Pinna
58
Most common organism w/ endocarditis 2/2 IV drug abuse?
staph aureus most common
59
What does an S4 heart sound signify?
heard over cardiac apex in left lateral decubitus position in pts w/ reduced ventricular compliance. Caused by htn, HD, AS, HOCM
60
Si/sx of syncope due to arrhythmia?
sudden nset w/ no preceding clues, presence of HD (post MI, MR), presence of arrythmia/ ectopic beats
61
What is flutamide?
non-steroidal antiandrogen that blocks androgen stimulation on prostate. Prolongs survival in pts w/ prostate cancer
62
Common cause of ascites?
cirrhosis, acute liver failure, ETOH hepatitis, budd-chiari, HF, hypoalbuminemia, nephrotic syndrome
63
Peritoneal cause of ascites?
malignancy or infxn
64
What is pathophys of goodpastures?
Ab agaisnt alpha 3 chain of type IV collagen --- expressed most in alveoli and glomeruli
65
Si/sx of aortic regurg?
water hammer pulse --- wide pulse pressure felt by pt as pounding heart
66
Typical cause of nec fasc
usually occurs after trauma
67
How does nec fasc px?
bullae, serosang in area of edema & purpulish discoloration, exquisit tenderness, si/sx of shock also may be px
68
Painless hard mass in testes?
do radical orchiectomy w/out other studies, dont do FNA as risk for seeding of tumor cells.
69
What is post-chole syndrome?
persistent abd pain/ dyspepsia that happens postop or years later after cholecystectomy
70
What are causes of PCS?
can be biliary or extrabiliary cause... due to retained stone or biliary dyskinesia
71
Important side effects of HIV therapy?
Indinavir causes crystal induced nephropathy, didanosine --- pancreatitis, abacavir - hypersen syndrome, NRTIs -- lactic acidosis, neviropine -- liver failure, NNRTIs- SJS
72
How does nocardia px? How tx?
acid fast G+ branching rods. tx w/ TMP-SMX
73
How does nocardiosis px?
usually in immunocomprom pts, px w/ weight loss, fvr, night sweats, cough w/ productive sputum
74
How does nocardia appear on cxr?
lobar or multilobar consolidation, can px w. solitary mass or nodules
75
What is confounding?
when exposure disease relationship is combined w/ another factor skewing or confusing results
76
What is selection bias?
refers to method w/ which ppl are picked in study or if particular groups fail to follow up
77
Si/sx of complication of infective endocarditis?
arterial emboli - focal neuro probs, visceral organ infarcts, mycotic aneurysms,
78
Si/sx of infective endocarditis?
conjunctival hemorrhages, GMN, janeway lesions --- rash on palms soles, osler nodes- painful vesicles on fingers, toes
79
Main CSF finding w/ MS?
oligoclonal bands, mainly IgG, altho may be IgA, IgM
80
Where would pure motor stroke px?
most likely internal capsule - > lacunar stroke
81
What causes of reanl insufficiency in multiple myeloma?
likely obstrxn of distal & collecting ducts by laminated casts of bence jones proteins
82
What is klebs penumonia?
G- capsulated bacilli, usually affects infants, elderly, alcoholics, neutropenic/immunocomp pts, most common cause of CAP in ETOH
83
how does syringomyelia appear on CT/MRI?
cord cavity usually in upper thoracic/ lower cervical spine
84
Px of CMV retinitis?
painless w fluffy or granular retinal lesions located near the retinal vessels.
85
How does HSV infxn in eye px?
eye pain, conjunctivitis, rapid visual loss, fundo shows nuemrous pale perih retinal lesions w/ central retinal necrosis
86
CHF findingins on ABG?
hypoxia, hypocarbia, respiratory alkalsosis
87
what testing should be done to asses HF?
BNP and PCWP
88
How does aspirin cause gastritis?
inhibits protective prostacycline prodxn, can lead to hemorrhagic erosive lesions
89
How does subarrachnoid hemorrhage px?
svr HA, dcrsd level of conciousness, no focal findings
90
What is px of cerebellar hemorrhagic stroke?
ataxia, vomiting, occipital HA, gaze palsy, facial weakness, no hemiparesis
91
What is hepatic hydrothorax?
pleural effusion, assoc w/ portal htn usually on R side w/ no underlying cardiac or pulmonary issue
92
How tx hepatic hydrothorax?
1. pleurodesis + diuresis, 2. if fails do xplntation or TIPS
93
How does cerebellar tumor usually px?
ipsilateral ataxia!!!, nystagmus, intention tremor, problems w/ repetitive movements
94
What genetic findinings alter tx for breast cancer?
If oncogene px (HER2) can tx w/ trastuzumab
95
What is lumbar spinal stenosis?
degen condition w/ narrowing of canal. Due to enlarging osteophyte and hypertrophy of ligamentum flavum.
96
Px of lumbar spinal stenosis?
pain in butt/thigh, worse w/ extension, walking, improvement w/ flexion of spine, if was due to lumbar disc herniation, flexion worse not better
97
How w.u likely PE based on sx?
1. start anticoag on heparin. 2. do CT or V/Q scan to confirm. 3. If + do thrombolytics +/- surgry, if - stop anticoag.
98
Waht is risk w/ chronic alcoholism?
recurrent gout. If get gout should abstain, avoid purine in diet, avoid diuretics and pyrazinamide
99
WHat drugs precipitate renal damage?
NSAIDS, ACEI, cyclosporine
100
WHat is cause of AKI?
renal blood flow dcrsd to point that toxins like BUN, Cr build up and cause damage
101
What are vascular causes of AKI?
Renal artery occlusion, TTP, HUS

Uworld questions (13 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions