UWorld Flashcards
What is the classic presenting sign of osteoid osteoma
Pain at night that responds well to NSAIDs
What age does stranger anxiety present and when should it resolve by?
Presents at 6 months of age, peaks at 9 months of age, should resolve by 2 years of age, anything beyond that is pathologic and hence is termed as separation anxiety disorder
What organisms cause sepsis in Sickle cell disease patients?
Strep, H. flu and Nisseria
Of these 3 organisms, which one is the most common and why
Strep, due to non type-able strains that are not covered in the vaccine
How can constipation lead to cystitis?
rectal distention can obstruct urinary flow, leading to urinary stasis and hence cytitis
What are the 2 neurologic diseases that can cause constipation?
Spina bifida and Hirschsprung disease
What are the presenting signs of ALL?
- Hepatosplenomegaly
- Thrombocytopenia
- Blast cells on blood smear, on CBC have to be > 25%
- Fever, fatigue, lethargy
- Bone pain is a common presenting sign since it arises from the bone marrow
- Lymphadenopathy
Diagnostic test for ALL
Bone marrow biopsy
Parkland formula giving out liquids
At 8 and 16 hours
Klumpke palsy causes horners because of involvement of the ___ root?
T1
Erb palsy causes breathing difficulties because involvement of the ____ root?
C5
3 steps for renal infections caused by reflex
Renal US, followed by VCUG to determine reflux and then we do 2, 3 DMSA scan to determine renal scarring
IODM with reduced LV volume
Asymmetric septal hypertrophy, this is different from HOCM as children can outgrow this defect
Preauricular tags/pits
GU abnormalities and hearing loss, should be followed up with a hearing test and renal US
Presentation of fanconi anemia
Initial presentation is thrombocytopenia, neutropenia and then anemia, systemic signs are hypopigmentation, thumb abnormalities and hypogonadism (dont confuse this with triphalangeal thumbs which are a sign of Diamond Blackfan anemia)
Smal left colon syndrome association and first test performed
IODM, barium study
Key findings of Legg calves perthes that differentiates it from Transient synovitis
Duration longer than 4 weeks, persistent symptoms, limited internal rotation and abduction of the affected hip, positive trendelenburg sign due to atrophy of the proximal thigh muscle
Treatment of Legg calves perthes
Conservative management, splinting or bracing, NO IMMEDIATE surgery
Test for posterior uretheral valves to confirm?
VCUG
Physical findings of Edwards
Prominent occiput, micrognathia, rocker bottom feet, absent palmar crease, CLOSET FISTS WITH OVERLAPPING FINGERS
Werdnig Hoffman
Symmetric weakness due to degeneration of anterior horn spinal cord neurons, autosomal recessive, death within 1st year of life
Dandy Walker syndrome
Agenesis of cerebellar vermis, enlargement of 4th venticle
Chiari II malformation
Herniation of cerebellar vermis through aqueduct leading to aqueduct stenosis and causing non communicating hydrocephalus
Congenital strabismus and acquired strabismus treatment
acquired; patching of the good eye, congenital; surgery
