UWorld Flashcards
What are the (4) main Characteristics of Alopecia Areata?
- Discrete, Smooth and Circular areas of Hair Loss over the scalp.
- NO Scaling or Inflammation present (typically).
- Hair Loss develops over a Few Weeks and has Recurring Pattern.
- Most patients have Regrowth of Hair in affected areas.
What is the First-Line Treatment for patients with Alopecia Areata?
Corticosteroids (Topical or Intralesional)
On what Part of the Body does Melasma typically occur?
Face (Sun-exposed areas)
- Malar (cheeks & nose)
- Centrofacial (cheeks, nose, forehead, upper lip, chin)
- Mandibular (jaw)
Describe the (3) Physical Characteristics of the Macules of Melasma:
- Irregularly Shaped,
- Hyperpigmented macules, of
- Varying Color
Melasma is Most Common in which Demographic Population?
Pregnant Women
What is the Pathophysiology of Melasma in a Pregnant Woman?
Elevated Estrogen, Progesterone, and Melanocyte-Stimulating Hormone (MSH) –> Melanocyte Stimulation –> Hyperpigmentation
RETINOIDS are Contraindicated during Pregnancy due to High Risk for Spontaneous Abortion AND what (3) Congenital Defects?
- Craniofacial
- Cardiac
- Central Nervous System (CNS)
memory: C.C.C.
What are (3) typical Clinical Findings in patients with Papulopustular Rosacea?
Persistent:
- Facial Flushing
- Erythema
- Inflammatory Acneiform Papules & Pustules
What are (2) ways to Manage patients with Melasma?
- Minimize Sun-exposure
- Broad-spectrum Sunscreen with UVA & UVB Radiation Protection
What Dermatology Condition does the following Describe?:
A Benign Epidermal Tumor that can occur on the Face, Upper Extremities, and Trunk. Lesions are Well-demarcated, Pigmented, Round or Oval, Dull or Verrucous surface with a “Stuck-On” appearance?
Seborrheic Keratosis
What are (2) Reasons to Treat Seborrheic Keratosis?
- Symptomatic Lesions
- Cosmetic Problems
What are (3) Clinical Manifestations of the Lesions seen with Tinea Pedis?
- P ruritic
- E rythematous
- W ell-demarcated
mneumonic:“PEW“**
What is the Treatment for MILD Tinea Pedis?
TOPICAL Antifungals (eg, Terbinafine, Miconazole, Clotrimazole)
memory: MILD = Terbinafine, MIconazole, ClotrIMazole
What is the Treatment for SEVERE Tinea Pedis or associated Onychomycosis?
ORAL Antifungals (eg, Terbinafine, Itraconazole, Fluconazole)
memory: SEVERE = Terbinafine, ITRAconazole, FLUconazole
What Dermatological Condition does the following describe?
“A Slow-Growing and Locally Aggressive Benign Neoplasm with a High Rate of Local Recurrence, even AFTER Surgical Excision.”
Desmoid Tumor
What Dermatological Condition does the following describe?
“A Benign proliferation of Fibroblasts that usually occur after Trauma or Insect Bite, but can also be Idiopathic. It is usually a Firm Hyperpigmented Nodule located on the Lower Extremities rather than on the abdomen.”
Dermatofibroma
What Dermatological Condition does the following describe?
“A Discrete Nodule that is usually located on the Skin and a result of the normal Epidermal Keratin becoming lodged in the Dermis. They can be seen in Gardner Syndrome but are usually located on the Extremities rather than the trunk or abdomen and Resolve Spontaneously WITHOUT treatment.”
Epidermoid Cyst
What Dermatological Condition does the following describe?
“An Asymptomatic and Benign Subcutaneous collection of Fat Cells that is usually Soft WITHOUT rapid enlargement or recurrence after resection.”
Lipoma
What Dermatological Condition does the following describe?
“A Dome-shaped Papule with Recurrent Bleeding caused by Capillary Proliferation AFTER Trauma. It is more commonly seen in Pregnant Women.”
Pyogenic Granuloma (granuloma telangiectaticum)
What is the 2nd most common Skin Malignancy and carries a small, but significant risk of Metastasis, if left untreated?
Squamous Cell Skin Cancer (SCSC)
What (3) Defining Features do HIGH-RISK Squamous Cell Skin Cancer (SCSC) lesions have?
- LARGE size
- DIFFERENTIATED histology
- PERINEURAL invasion
What is the Treatment for HIGH-RISK Squamous Cell Skin Cancer (SCSC) lesions?
Surgical Excision
What is the (1) Recommended Treatment for most LOW-RISK Squamous Cell Skin Cancer (SCSC) lesions, and what are (3) other Treatment Options for those not wanting, or unable to handle, surgery?
RECOMMENDED TREATMENT:
- Surgical Excision (to obtain histologic confirmation of tumor margins).
OPTIONAL TREATMENTS:
- Cryotherapy
- Electrosurgery
- Radiation Therapy
What does the following describe?
Benign outgrowths of normal skin that appear as pedunculated, skin-colored papules in areas of friction and are associated with Obesity, Insulin Resistance, Overt Diabetes, and Metabolic Syndrome.
Acrochordons (a.k.a. Skin Tags)
What Anti-Hypertension Medication is most commonly associated with a Photosensitivity Reaction?
Hydrochlorothiazide:
thiazides are sulfonamides; therefore, can cause photosensitivity or generalized dermatitis
What are the (3) Treatments for the Photosensitivity Reaction caused by Hydrochlorothiazide?
- Discontinue Hydrochlorothiazide
- Sunscreen
- Avoid Sun Exposure
What are the (ABCDE) Clinical Features of Melanoma?
- Asymmetry: when bisected
- Border irregularities: uneven edges, border fades
- Color variegation: mix of brown, black, red, tan
- Diameter: ≥ 6mm
- Evolving: change in size, shape, color, or new lesion.
- If* have 1 out of 5: Sensitivity 95%, Specificity 36%
- If* have 5 out of 5: Sensitivity 43%, Specificity 100%
What is the Treatment for a skin lesion suspicious for Melanoma?
Excisional Biopsy (with Elliptical or Punch biopsy technique) that includes the Entire Lesion with 1 - 3 mm margins of the surrounding skin and subcutaneous fat.
