Uworld Buzzwords

Question 1

photosensitivity with a erythematous rash, blisters in sun-exposed areas, edema, puritis, painful. Gets worse with alcohol, smoking, halogenated hydrocarbons, hepatitis C, and HIV

Answer 1

porphyria cutanea tarda

Question 2

what enzyme is deficient in photosensitivity with a erythematous rash, blisters in sun-exposed areas, edema, puritis, painful. Gets worse with alcohol, smoking, halogenated hydrocarbons, hepatitis C, and HIV

Answer 2

uroporphyinogen decarboxylase

Question 3

indwelling catheter, gram negative, non-lactose fermenter, oxidase positive

Answer 3

Pseudomonas

Question 4

thick neck, short stature, broad chest, short 4th metacarpals

Answer 4

Turner

Question 5

thick neck, short stature, broad chest, short 4th metacarpals- heart problems

Answer 5

bicuspid aortic valve

Question 6

early systolic high frequency click- 2nd right intercostal space

Answer 6

bicuspid aortic valve

Question 7

when does lip and palate form

Answer 7

5-6 weeks

Question 8

unilateral cleft lip from which failure

Answer 8

maxillary prominence does not fuse to the inter maxillary segment

Question 9

cleft palate is from failure of what

Answer 9

palantine shelves fail to fuse to each other or with the primary palate

Question 10

specificity is…

Answer 10

true negative/ true negative +false positive

Question 11

young guy with insomnia and treatment resistant depression and OCD shows up with an erection lasting more than 4 hours… what drug is he on?

Answer 11

trazadone

Question 12

what keeps prolactin levels in check and how does it keep it in check

Answer 12

progesterone inhibits thyropoetin releasing hormone

Question 13

what do the short gastrics drain into

Answer 13

from funds to splenic vein

Question 14

gastric varies of the fundus- patient has vomiting blood and pooping blood- what is the condition and what is associated with it

Answer 14

splenic vein thrombosis- pancreatitis, pancreatic cancer, abdominal tumors

Question 15

immunodeficient albino, neuro defects of nystagmus or neuropathy

Answer 15

Chediak-higashi syndrome

Question 16

how is immunodeficient albino, neuro defects of nystagmus or neuropathy inheritted

Answer 16

autosomal recessive

Question 17

what is the defect in immunodeficient albino, neuro defects of nystagmus or neuropathy

Answer 17

neutrophil phagolysosome function.

Question 18

what infections and why tend to occur with immunodeficient albino, neuro defects of nystagmus or neuropathy

Answer 18

staph and strep because of abnormal gian lysosomal inclusions

Question 19

eastern european child with grey exudate on his palate and trouble swallowing- what does he have

Answer 19

diptheria

Question 20

eastern european child with grey exudate on his palate and trouble swallowing-how do you treat active infection and the limits of it

Answer 20

passive immunization with the diphtheria anti-toxin, antibiotics, and vaccinate with the diphtheria toxoid- the vaccine does not prevent active infection. It cannot get to the heart issues of myocarditis

Question 21

why are phospholipids measures in amniocentesis

Answer 21

to check for lung maturity

Question 22

which ratio means that the fetal lungs are mature

Answer 22

lecithin to sphingomyelin greater than 2

Question 23

what do you do if the lungs are not mature in the fetus

Answer 23

give corticosteroids to the mother

Question 24

increased AFP in the amnio

Answer 24

neural tube defect

Question 25

erythroblastosis fetalis amnio

Answer 25

increase bilirubin levels indicate the level of hemolysis

Question 26

what level in the amnio do you check for CAH

Answer 26

17 hydroxyprogesterone level

Question 27

1-3 year old with arm close to the body with elbow extended and forearm pronated- had been holding hands with older sister- what is this injury

Answer 27

nursemaids elbow from the annular ligament slipping off of the radial head

Question 28

what injury is associated with the ulnar collateral ligament and in what person is it seen in

Answer 28

baseball pitcher who has Tommy John to correct it

Question 29

depressed mood, low energy, loss of interest, insomnia, weight loss, for two weeks

Answer 29

major depression

Question 30

Th1 does

Answer 30

cell mediated immunity and activates macrophages, cytotoxic T cells- IL1 IFN gamma

Question 31

TH2 does

Answer 31

humoral immunity, activate B cells- IL4, 5, 10, 13- secretes antibodies

Question 32

deficiency of IL12 receptor

Answer 32

makes T helper cells unable to go to TH1 so no IFN gamma so no macrophage activation

Question 33

child with severe mycobacterial infections repeatedly- around 5- what is deficient and how to treat

Answer 33

deficient in IL 12 receptors- give interferon gamma to bypass the bad step of conversion of t helper cells to Th1 path

Question 34

z-line

Answer 34

where the actin binds

Question 35

how to measure a sarcomere

Answer 35

Z line to Z line

Question 36

kid with bleeding prolonged after a tooth was extracted, excessive bleeding after trauma and hemearthrosis- what does he have and inheritance pattern

Answer 36

hemophilia- X linked recessive

Question 37

kid with bleeding prolonged after a tooth was extracted, excessive bleeding after trauma and hemearthrosis- what is the chance his sister (unaffected parents) will have a child with it

Answer 37

.5x.5x.5

Question 38

knockout for leptin receptor will do what

Answer 38

increase BMI and increased leptin in the blood. Leptin causes satiation and regulation of appetite through decreasing neuropeptide Y.

Question 39

what increases bicarb secretion from the pancreas, and what is the function of the bicarb secretion from the pancreas

Answer 39

secretin increases the release of bicarb in the small bowel to neutralize the hydrochloric acid in the chyme from the stomach so that it does not harm the mucosa of the small intestine