Brainscape's Knowledge GenomeTM


Top Flashcards (Certified)
All Flashcards

UWORLD micro shit > UWORLD MICRO SHIT > Flashcards

UWORLD MICRO SHIT Flashcards

(47 cards)

Start Studying
1
Q

3 most common causes of nasopharyngitis (common cold)?

A
  1. rhinovirus
  2. influenza virus
  3. coronavirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

Nasal congestion & discharge, sneezing, cough & sore throat is what clinical illness? Is caused by what 3 common agents?

A 
Nasopharyngitis (common cold)
caused by:
1. rhinovirus
2. influenza virus
3. coronavirus
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

laryngotracheitis (aka croup) = commonly caused by what virus?

A

parainfluenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

upper rest tract symp followed by hoarseness, barking cough, stridor & resp distress– diagnosis? common micro cause?

A

laryngotracheitis (croup), caused by parainfluenza virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

Diptheria- micro cause?

A

corneybacterium diptheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

sore throat, cervical LAD, coalescing pseudomembrane- ddx and cause?

A

Diptheria caused by corneybacterium diptheria

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

epiglottitis- most common cause?

A

Haemophilus influenzae

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

sore throat, dysphagia, drooling & resp distress- ddx and cause?

A

epiglottitis

caused by H. inf.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

bronchiolitis- caused by?

A

Resp. syncytial virus

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

upper resp tract symp followed by wheezing, cough & resp distress– ddx and cause?

A

ddx: bronchiolitis, caused by RSV

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

4 major classes of antifungals

A
  1. polyenes (nystatin, amphotericin B)
  2. triazoles (ketoconazole, flucanazole)
  3. echinocandins (caspofungin, micafungin)
  4. pyramidines (flucytosine)
How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what are the two antifungal polyenes and what is their mech of action?

A

nystatin, amphotericin B– bind ergosterol molecules in fungal cell membranes, creating pores and causing cell lysis.

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

antifungal Triazoles- list 4 and list their mech

A

ketoconazole, fluconazole, itraconazole and voriconazaole

inhib ergosterol synth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

antifungal echinocandins- name two, list mech

A

caspofungin and micafungin

- inhib glucan synth (component of fungal cell wall)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

antifungal Pyramidines- name the pyramidine and mech

A

Flucytosine- converted to 5-FU w/in funcal cell and inerferes with fungal RNA and prot synth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

name the antifungal that inhib DNA/RNA synth?

A

flucytosine (pyramidine)

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
17
Q

name the antifungals that inhib cell wall synth

A

echinocandins- caspofungin, micafungin

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
18
Q

name the antifungal that inhibs the cell membrane

A
  1. amphotericin B and nystatin bind ergosterol

2. azoles inhib synth of ergosterol

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
19
Q

most important toxicities of amphotericin B (3)

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. nephrotox
  2. hypokalemia
  3. hypomagnesia
    - - caused because it accidentally binds cholesterol instead of ergosterol
20
Q

5 dimorphic fungi

Study These Flashcards
A
  1. sporothrixx schenkii
  2. coccidioides immitus
  3. histoplasma capsulatum
  4. blastomyces dermatidis
  5. paracoccidioides brasilienses
21
Q

sporathrix schenckii are associated with…

Study These Flashcards
A

gardening - thorn prick

22
Q

clinical presentation of sporothrix schenckii

Study These Flashcards
A

pustules ulcers and sunq nodules along lymph

23
Q

lab diag w/ sporothrix schenckii

Study These Flashcards
A

culture (25 C): branching hyphae. Biopsy: round or cigar-shaped budding yeast

24
Q

coccidioides immitis- assoc w/what areas? what form is present in the envt?

Study These Flashcards
A

southwestern states (desert)- mold form in soil

25
coccidioides immitis- clinical presentation
pulm form: fli like illness, cough, erythema | dissem. form: affects skin, bones and lungs
26
lab diag coccidioides immitis
culture (25C)- hyphae | Biopsy at 37: thick walled spherules w/endospores
27
blastomyces dermatidis: assoc w/what areas of the world
ohio and mississppi river valleys, great lakes. Found in soil
28
Blastomyces dermatidis- clinical pres
pulm: pneumonia dissem: common and severe
29
blastomyces dermatidis culture
25c: branching hyphae biopsy: large round yeasts w/ doubly refractile wall and single broad-based bud
30
histo capsulatum assoc w/what areas/things
ohio and mississippi river valleys. soil, bird and bat droppings (chicken coops, caves)
31
histo capsulatum clinical presentation
pulm: sim to tb (lung granulomas w/calcifications) dissem: lungs, spleen, liver-- painful oral ulcers, LAD and hepatosplenomegally
32
histo capsulatum culture:
25c: branching hyphae biopsy: oval yeast W/IN MACROPHAGES
33
paracoccidioides brasiliensis- assoc w/what part of the world?
central and s america
34
paracoccidioides brasilienses- clinical pres.
mucocutaneous: chronic mucocutaneous or cutaneous ulcers, can progress to lymph nodes and lungs
35
paracoccidioides brasilienses- culture
25C: multiple blasoconida Biopsy: cells covered in budding blastoconidia (CAPTAIN'S WHEEL!!!)
36
what are the three most common anaerobes causing abcesses in alcoholics
1. bacteroides 2. fusobacterium 3. peptostreptococcus all from oropharyngeal aspirations
37
what do you txt a pulm abcess w/in alcoholic?
probably an anaerobe from oropharyngeal aspiration, but might be strep pneumo bc that's the most common cause in general-- txt w/ CLINDAMYCIN- works on 50s ribosomal subunit in bact/disrupts prot synth-- GOOD FOR ANAEROBES AND AEROBES!!
38
pneumocystis jirovecii RF? prophylaxis txt?
RF: CD4 < 200, oropharyngeal candidiasis PROPH: TMP-SMX
39
Toxo Gondii RF? Prophylaxis txt?
RF: CD4 < 100, positive Toxoplasma IgG Proph: TMP-SMX
40
mycobacterium avium complex (Mavium & M intracellulare)- RF? Phrophylaxis txt?
RF: CD4< 50 Proph: Azithromycin
41
Histo capsulatum RF? Proph txt?
RF: CD4 < 150, endemic area (ohio and mississippi river valley) Proph: itraconazole
42
mech of aminoglycosides?
BINDS 30s subunit and interfere with initiation codon func-- block assoc of 50s w/mRNA 30S -- also leads to misreading of code/incorp of wrong aa in chain
43
where do aminoglycosides bind?
30S subunit of rRNA
44
which drugs interfere w/initiation codon functions-- block association of 50 S ribosomal unit w/mRNA 30S? Which of these also leads to misreading of code and incorp of wrong aa into prot?
Aminoglycosides and linezolid. Aminoglyc also leads to misreading of code...
45
which drugs block the attachment of aminoacyl tRNA to acceptor site (ie aa incorp)?
Tetracyclines (bind 30S) | Dalfopristin/quinupristin (50s)
46
Which drug inhibits the formation of a peptide bond?
chloramphenicol (binds 50s)
47
which drug inhibs translocation of peptidyl-transferase from acceptor to donor site?
macrolides and clindamycin

UWORLD micro shit (1 decks)

Brainscape helps you reach your goals faster, through stronger study habits.
© 2025 Bold Learning Solutions. Terms and Conditions