Vaccination

Question 1

What is a vaccination?

Answer 1

A vaccine is the deliberate exposure to antigenic material. Artificial active immunity -works by memory cells providing long term immunity.

Question 2

What forms can vaccinations take?

Answer 2

 Whole, live forms – similar but not as harmful, so antigens will work against real disease.
 Harmless/Attenuated version of the Pathogen (Measels/TB).
 Dead pathogen (Typhoid/Cholera).
 Preparation of antigens from pathogen (Hepatitis B vaccine)
 Harmless toxin (Toxoid) (Tetanus vaccine).

Question 3

What is herd vaccination?

Answer 3

Herd vaccination is vaccinating majority of population so disease cannot be contracted.

Question 4

What is ring vaccination?

Answer 4

Ring vaccination is vaccinating in the vicinity of an area where there has been an outbreak of disease.

Question 5

What is an Epidemic, and a Pandemic?

Answer 5

Epidemic – Spreads to many people quickly, affects large proportion of the population. Pandemic – Spreading, of a disease, worldwide or across continents.

Question 6

What is active immunity?

Answer 6

Active immunity is achieved by activation of the immune system.

Question 7

What is passive immunity?

Answer 7

Passive immunity is provided by antibodies that have not been manufactured by stimulating the recipient’s immune system (e.g. across the placenta/breast milk, or intravenous infection).

Question 8

What is artificial immunity?

Answer 8

Artificial immunity is deliberate exposure to antibodies/antigens.

Question 9

What is natural immunity?

Answer 9

Natural immunity is gained in the normal course of living processes.