Vaccination And Immunity Flashcards
Dependency factors
Positive interactions of viral genes and proteins with host proteins
Restriction factors
Negative interactions of viral genes and proteins with host proteins
How do restriction enzymes not cut host cell?
Recognition sites are methylated
When is interferon produced?
When viral PAMPs are detected
What does interferon do?
Induces expression of Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) to create an antiviral state
What do Interferon Stimulated Genes (ISGs) do?
Block viral replication cycle by inhibiting all protein synthesis
Trigger cytokine release
Adaptive immune cells
T helper cells
Cytotoxic T cells
B cells
Whole virus vaccines
Attenuated
Killed/Inactivated
Attenuated vaccines
Whole virus is passed through cell cultures or animal embryos until virus cannot replicate efficiently in the original host
EX: polio vaccine with chicken embryos
Lasts a long time
Killed/inactivated vaccines
The whole virus is retreated with heat or chemicals to prevent replication
Generally need boosters
Partial virus vaccines
Subunit/recombination vaccine
mRNA vaccine
Viral vector
Subunit/recombination vaccine
A specific protein from a virus is used to illicit an immune response
mRNA vaccines
An mRNA sequence encoding a target virus protein is enveloped in a lipid particle
Lipid particle is taken up and the mRNA is translated
Viral vector vaccines
An mRNA sequence encoding a a target virus protein is packaged into a different delivery virus
Can’t be used as a booster because you’d react more to the vector than the vaccine inside
