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Equine Health Management > Vaccinations > Flashcards

Vaccinations Flashcards

(73 cards)

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1
Q

What is a vaccine?

A

Administration of an inactivated portion of a disease causing agent into the horse in order to increase its immune defenses against that disease

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2
Q

What are some influences on vaccines?

A 
Geographical location
Climate
Exposure
Local outbreaks
Endemic diseases
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3
Q

____ diseases rely on horse to horse contact

A

Endemic

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4
Q

What are two modes of vaccine administration?

A

Intranasal (IN)

Intramuscular (IM)

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5
Q

Adjuvants or vaccine suspension cause what?

A

A reaction

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6
Q

____ diseases are transmissible to humans

A

Zoonotic

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7
Q

What are the two types of vaccines?

A

Modified live vaccine

Killed

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8
Q

What is a modified live vaccine?

A

A bacteria or virus that has lost their disease causing ability or are administered by a route that prevents them from causing clinical disease

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9
Q

What is a killed vaccine?

A

A bacteria or virus that has been attenuated through a process resulting in their death

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10
Q

What causes Botulism?

A

A neurotoxin produced by anaerobic bacteria

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11
Q

What is the name for Botulism

A

Clostridium Botulinum

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12
Q

What does Botulism affect?

A

Neurotoxins permanently bind to nerve endings which inhibit nerve impulses and muscle contractions

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13
Q

What routes can Botulism be contracted?

A
  1. Ingestion of decaying organic material (plant or animal) that contains the bacteria
  2. invasion of wounds or umbilical stalks by the bacteria
  3. ingestion of neurotoxin with contaminated water or feed
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14
Q

Botulism symptoms depend on what?

A

The amount of toxin ingested

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15
Q

What is an arbovirus?

A

A virus that is transmitted by a vector

something has to carry it - mosquito

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16
Q

Encephalitis is ____.

A

Inflammation of the brain and spinal cord

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17
Q

What diseases fit under “Encephalitis”

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
Venezuelan Equine Encephalitis (VEE)
West Nile Virus (WVN)

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18
Q

If you give nothing else, give ___

A

Eastern Equine Encephalitis (EEE)
Western Equine Encephalitis (WEE)
Tetanus

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19
Q

Recumbency causes ___

A

the inability to get up

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20
Q

Equine Monocytic Ehrlichiosis is also called

A

Potomac horse fever

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21
Q

Potomac horse fever is caused by bacteria ____ carried by a parasite of ____

A

Neoriketssia risticii

Fresh water snails

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22
Q

A transient fever does what?

A

Changes - goes up and down

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23
Q

EPM stands for…

A

Equine Protozoal Myeloenephalitis

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24
Q

EPM is also called…

A

The sleeping sickness

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25
What is EPM?
A neurologic disease caused by Sarcosistis nerona, affecting the central nervous system The parasite migrates through the brain and spinal cord
26
How is Equine Protozoal Myeloenephalitis contracted?
By ingesting feed contaminated with raccoon,opossum or cat feces
27
What diseases show symptoms dependent on how much is ingested?
Equine Protozoal Myeloenephalitis | Botulism
28
EVA stands for...
Equine Viral Arteritis
29
What is EVA?
A viral infection that causes concurrent respiratory disease and vasculitis
30
Vasculitis does what?
Makes things inflammed
31
How is EVA transmitted?
Directly - venereal contact with stallion or infected semen | Indirectly - Exposure to fetal membranes
32
What are titer levels tested for?
Titer level tests antibodies and can be done or everything
33
What is influenza?
A nonfatal viral infection that causes a respiratory disease | Looks like a cold
34
Influenza is spread...
by shed nasal secretions direct and indirect between horses
35
What is Rabies?
A fatal viral infection that causes encephalitis
36
Is there treatment for Rabies?
No
37
What are some fatal diseases?
Rabies
38
What tissue is tested for rabies?
Brain
39
What disease can be mistaken for choke?
Rabies
40
What disease is caused by EHV - 1 or 4?
Rhinopneumonitis
41
EHV-1 causes ____
Late term abortions
42
EHV-4 causes____
either flu like symptoms or a paralytic neurologic disease called myeloencephalopathic herpes
43
"Lays latent" means
it is "quiet" unless stressed then can shed again
44
What is strangles?
A highly infectious, sometimes fatal bacterial infection of the lymph nodes
45
Streptococcus Zooepidemicous, S. Equi is
Strangles
46
Strangles is similar to ___ in children
Chicken pox
47
"Lockjaw" is
Tetanus
48
What causes tetanus?
A neurotoxin that permanently binds to specific sites on the horses nerves which inhibits nerve impulses
49
What is piroplasmosis
A parasitic blood disease transmitted by ticks
50
What does piroplasmosis do?
Attacks and destroys the red blood cells
51
What diseases do not have a vaccine?
Piroplasmosis Equine Infectious Anemia Pigeon fever
52
What is pigeon fever? What causes it?
Dryland distemper caused by gram positive bacteria
53
What does pigeon fever cause?
Ulcerative lymphangitis, an infection of the lower leg
54
What is West Nile Virus?
A mosquito borne viral disease; encephalomyelitis characterized by central and peripheral nervous system dysfunction fatal neurological outbreaks are documented in equids, humans, geese, wild birds, squirrels, farmed alligators, and dogs
55
What is ataxia?
Lack of muscle control or coordination of voluntary movements such as walking
56
What is equine infectious anemia
Viral disease, infectious and incurable | horseflies and deerflies bite animals and can carry blood in their mouth and affect others
57
What are the three phases of EIA
Acute Chronic Inapparent
58
What disease is the coggins test for?
Equine Infectious Anemia (EIA)
59
List some core vaccines
Tetanus Eastern/Western Equine Encephalitis West Nile Virus Rabies
60
List some risk-based vaccines
``` Anthrax Botulism Equine Herpes Virus Equine Viral Arteritis Influenza Leptospirosis Potomac Horse Fever Rotavirus Snakebite Strangles ```
61
What is a core vaccine? What does a core vaccine do?
Protect against diseases that tare endemic to a region, are virulent/highly contagious, pose a risk of severe disease, have potential public health significance, and/or are required by law
62
When is a risk vaccine used?
they are selected for use based on a risk assessment performed by, or in consultation with, a licensed veterinarian
63
What disease is a good example of an adjuvant?
Equine viral arteritis
64
EEE, WEE, VEE, and WNV are all _____ that cause encephalitis
arboviruses
65
List and describe the two forms of Rabies
1. Furious - uncontrollably aggressive, hypersensitive to external stimuli 2. Dumb - weak, tired, glazed and staring eyes, lack of movement/awareness, horses cannot raise their head and swallow, results in excessive salivation
66
Infection moves from the upper airway into the internal organs in _____ strangles
Bastard
67
What is the name for tetanus?
Clostridium Tetani
68
Bacteria for tetanus lives in _____ and ____
soil and manure
69
What does VS stand for?
Vesicular Stomatitis
70
What is vesicular stomatitis?
Viral disease primarily affects horses, cattle, swine; rarely swine, goats, llamas and alpacas, humans can be infected but it is rare
71
What does vesicular stomatitis cause?
Ulceration of oral and nasal mucosa
72
How is VS transmitted?
Transmitted through direct contact or blood-feeding insects (Black-fly and Sandfly) or contact with infected tissues, fluid from lesions, saliva
73
What are some symptoms of vesicular stomatitis?
1. Ptyalism (ti’ ah-lizm) excessive salivation, usually first sign 2. Fever 3. Ulcers and erosions of oral mucosa 4. Sloughing of epithelium of the tongue 5. Lesions at junction of lips 6. Ulcers and erosions on teats in cattle or on the coronet band of horses are not uncommon 7. Loss of appetite or lameness due to lesions are usually short duration

Equine Health Management (4 decks)

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