Vaccines Flashcards
(35 cards)
Receiving an anti rabies antibody shot after a fox bite induces artificially acquired passive immunity. True or false?
true
Toxoid (inactivated toxin) vaccines such as the ones against tetanus and diphtheria elicit an:
A. antibody response against the bacterial toxin
B. memory b cells only
C. antibody response against the gram positive bacteria
D. a weak immune response against the bacterium
E. phagocytic response against the bacteria only
A
What type of immunity do you get when you get a vaccine?
Artificially acquired active immunity
What is the difference between artificially acquired active and passive immunity?
Active- prepared antigen
Passive- prepared antibodies
When was the first vaccine made?
1798: Edward Jenner made vaccine to prevent smallpox
What are some examples of killed/inactivated active agent vaccines?
Salk (injected polio)
Rabies
Pertussis
Influenza
What are some examples of live/attenuated active agent vaccines?
MMR (measles, mumps, and rubella)
Sabin (oral polio)
Varicella zoster
What are some characteristics of live/attenuated active agents?
- NOT VIRULENT
- pathogen adapts to non-human environment
- can last for decades (less boosters needed)
- risk of mutation -> rare
- IgG, IgA, and cell-mediated response
Should live/attenuated agent vaccines be given to immunocompromised patients?
No
What are some characteristics of killed/inactivated active agents?
- unable to replicate
- can’t cause infection
- may need boosters
- IgG, but NO IGA OR CELL MEDIATED response
What is the difference between killed/inactivated and live/attenuated active agents?
- obviously one has dead viruses and one doesn’t
- killed need boosters, live doesn’t as often
- killed cannot replicate
- live is not virulent
- killed doesn’t have IgA or cell-mediated response but live does
What are some characteristics about subunit agents?
- Contain parts of a m/o or virus that stimulates an immunogenic response
- less side effects
- two types:
- bacterial capsules
- viral peplomers
What kind of vaccine is made from bacterial capsules?
Subunit agent vaccines
What do people receive from a purified peplomer as a vaccine?
the recombinant of the gene
What are toxoids?
- inactivated exotoxins
- series of injections
- antigenic but not toxic
- can activate T cell immunity
- stimulate antitoxins
What are the major producers of exotoxins?
- Diphtheria
- Tetanus
- Botulism
What are conjugated vaccines made up of?
Capsule carb. + toxoid
What does adding a toxoid in a conjugated vaccine do?
allows more recognition, makes memory
Conjugated vaccines fall under the subunit category of vaccines. True or false/
True
What are some examples of conjugated vaccines?
Type B H. flu
N. Meningitidis
Pneumonia
Are conjugated vaccines made up of the entire microbe or a component?
Component of microbe, but it is attached to FOREIGN PROTEIN to enhance immunogenicity of vaccine
What type of vaccines are conjugated vaccines?
polysaccharide vaccines
How do viral vectors work?
- Insert gene coding for Ag into vaccinia virus
- Giving people recombinant virus
- Virus expresses the Ag
- People mount immune response
What is the AstraZeneca vaccine?
COVID 19 vaccine which uses weakened/modified adenovirus as a carrier to deliver antigen -> did not cause disease!
